Network Programmability and Automation. Skills for the Next-Generation Network Engineer

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• Preface
  • What This Book Covers
  • How This Book Is Organized
  • Who Should Read This Book
    • Network Engineers
      • Prerequisites
    • Systems Administrators
      • Prerequisites
    • Software Developers
      • Prerequisites
  • Tools Used in this Book
  • Online Resources
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • OReilly Safari
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Network Industry Trends
  • The Rise of Software Defined Networking
    • OpenFlow
      • Why OpenFlow?
    • What Is Software Defined Networking?
      • OpenFlow
      • Network Functions Virtualization
      • Virtual switching
      • Network virtualization
      • Device APIs
      • Network automation
      • Bare-metal switching
      • Data center network fabrics
      • SD-WAN
      • Controller networking
  • Summary
• 2. Network Automation
  • Why Network Automation?
    • Simplified Architectures
    • Deterministic Outcomes
    • Business Agility
  • Types of Network Automation
    • Device Provisioning
    • Data Collection
    • Migrations
    • Configuration Management
    • Compliance
    • Reporting
    • Troubleshooting
  • Evolving the Management Plane from SNMP to Device APIs
    • Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
      • SNMP
      • SSH/Telnet and the CLI
      • NETCONF
      • RESTful APIs
    • Impact of Open Networking
  • Network Automation in the SDN Era
  • Summary
• 3. Linux
  • Examining Linux in a Network Automation Context
  • A Brief History of Linux
  • Linux Distributions
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, and CentOS
    • Debian, Ubuntu, and Other Derivatives
    • Other Linux Distributions
  • Interacting with Linux
    • Navigating the Filesystem
    • Manipulating Files and Directories
      • Creating files and directories
      • Deleting files and directories
      • Moving, copying, and renaming files and directories
      • Changing permissions
    • Running Programs
    • Working with Daemons
      • Working with background services in Debian GNU/Linux 8.1
      • Working with background services in Ubuntu Linux 14.04 LTS
      • Working with background services in CentOS 7.1
      • Other daemon-related commands
  • Networking in Linux
    • Working with Interfaces
      • Interface configuration via the command line
        • Listing interfaces
        • Enabling/disabling an interface
        • Setting the MTU of an interface
        • Assigning an IP address to an interface
      • Interface configuration via configuration files
      • Using VLAN interfaces
        • Creating, configuring, and deleting VLAN interfaces
        • Use cases for VLAN interfaces
    • Routing as an End Host
    • Routing as a Router
    • Bridging (Switching)
      • Practical use case for bridging
      • Creating and configuring linux bridges
  • Summary
• 4. Learning Python in a Network Context
  • Should Network Engineers Learn to Code?
  • Using the Python Interactive Interpreter
  • Understanding Python Data Types
    • Learning to Use Strings
      • Using built-in methods of strings
        • Using the upper() and lower() methods
        • Using the startswith() and endswith() methods
        • Using the strip() method
        • Using the isdigit() method
        • Using the count() method
        • Using the format() method
        • Using the join() and split() methods
    • Learning to Use Numbers
      • Performing mathematical operations
    • Learning to Use Booleans
    • Learning to Use Python Lists
      • Using built-in methods of Python lists
        • Using the append() method
        • Using the insert() method
        • Using the count() method
        • Using the pop() and index() methods
        • Using the sort() method
    • Learning to Use Python Dictionaries
      • Using built-in methods of Python dictionaries
        • Using the get() method
        • Using the keys() and values() methods
        • Using the pop() method
        • Using the update() method
        • Using the items() method
    • Learning About Python Sets and Tuples
  • Adding Conditional Logic to Your Code
  • Understanding Containment
  • Using Loops in Python
    • Understanding the while Loop
    • Understanding the for Loop
      • Using the enumerate() function
  • Using Python Functions
  • Working with Files
    • Reading from a File
    • Writing to a File
  • Creating Python Programs
    • Creating a Basic Python Script
    • Understanding the Shebang
    • Migrating Code from the Python Interpreter to a Python Script
  • Working with Python Modules
  • Passing Arguments into a Python Script
  • Using pip and Installing Python Packages
  • Learning Additional Tips, Tricks, and General Information When Using Python
  • Summary
• 5. Data Formats and Data Models
  • Introduction to Data Formats
    • Types of Data
  • YAML
    • Reviewing YAML Basics
    • Working with YAML in Python
    • Data Models in YAML
  • XML
    • Reviewing XML Basics
    • Using XML Schema Definition (XSD) for Data Models
    • Transforming XML with XSLT
    • Searching XML Using XQuery
  • JSON
    • Reviewing JSON Basics
    • Working with JSON in Python
    • Using JSON Schema for Data Models
  • Data Models Using YANG
    • YANG Overview
    • Taking a Deeper Dive into YANG
  • Summary
• 6. Network Configuration Templates
  • The Rise of Modern Template Languages
    • Using Templates for Web Development
    • Expanding On the Use of Templates
  • The Value of Templates in Network Automation
  • Jinja for Network Configuration Templates
    • Why Jinja?
    • Dynamically Inserting Data into a Basic Jinja Template
    • Rendering a Jinja Template File in Python
    • Conditionals and Loops
      • Using conditional logic to create a switchport configuration
      • Using a loop to create many switchport configurations
      • Using a loop and conditionals to create switchport configurations
      • Looping over variables in a for loop to generate configurations
      • Generating interface configurations from a list of dictionaries
    • Jinja Filters
      • Using the upper Jinja filter
      • Chaining Jinja filters
      • Creating custom Jinja filters
      • Using existing Python code as a Jinja filter
    • Template Inheritance in Jinja
    • Variable Creation in Jinja
  • Summary
• 7. Working with Network APIs
  • Understanding Network APIs
    • Getting Familiar with HTTP-Based APIs
      • Understanding RESTful APIs
        • Understanding HTTP request types
        • Understanding HTTP response codes
      • Understanding non-RESTful HTTP-based APIs
    • Diving into NETCONF
      • Learning the NETCONF protocol stack
        • Transport
        • Messages
        • Operations
        • Content
  • Exploring Network APIs
    • Exploring HTTP-Based APIs
      • cURL
      • Exploring HTTP-based APIs with Postman
    • Exploring NETCONF
  • Automating Using Network APIs
    • Using the Python requests Library
      • Getting familiar with Cisco NX-API
        • Using the NX-API Developer Sandbox
        • Consuming NX-API in a Python script
        • Using NX-API from the Python interactive interpreter
        • Understanding the JSON response of an HTTP-based API
        • Exploring more NX-API examples with Python scripts
        • Passing a show command into the script
        • Passing in configuration commands to the script
      • Getting familiar with Arista eAPI
        • Using the eAPI Command Explorer
        • Consuming eAPI in a Python script
        • Optimizing the eAPI script
        • Using eAPI to autoconfigure interface descriptions based on LLDP data
      • Getting familiar with RESTCONF on IOS-XE
        • Executing an API call using RESTCONF
        • Navigating a RESTCONF API response
        • Using HTTP verbs PUT and PATCH with RESTCONF on IOS-XE
        • Using Python to consume the IOS-XE RESTCONF API
        • Understanding declarative configuration management
    • Using the Python ncclient Library
      • Understanding the Manager object
        • Exploring the get method
      • Retrieving Cisco IOS-XE device configurations with ncclient
      • Viewing an ncclient NETCONF reply
      • Exploring more attributes of the ncclient reply
      • Adding to the query filter to minimize the response data
      • Retrieving Juniper vMX Junos device configurations with ncclient
      • Making Cisco IOS-XE configuration changes with ncclient
        • Performing a NETCONF delete operation with ncclient
        • Performing a NETCONF replace operation with ncclient
      • Making Juniper vMX Junos configuration changes with ncclient
      • Making Cisco IOS-XR configuration changes with ncclient
      • Understanding vendor-specific NETCONF operations
    • Using netmiko
      • Verify the device prompt
      • Enter configuration mode
      • Send commands
  • Summary
• 8. Source Control with Git
  • Use Cases for Source Control
  • Benefits of Source Control
    • Change Tracking
    • Accountability
    • Process and Workflow
  • Benefits of Source Control for Networking
  • Enter Git
    • Brief History of Git
    • Git Terminology
    • Overview of Gits Architecture
  • Working with Git
    • Installing Git
    • Creating a Repository
    • Adding Files to a Repository
    • Committing Changes to a Repository
      • Providing user information to Git
      • Committing changes
      • Recommendations for committing changes
      • Amending commits
    • Changing and Committing Tracked Files
    • Unstaging Files
    • Excluding Files from a Repository
      • Excluding files per-repository
      • Excluding files globally
    • Viewing More Information About a Repository
      • Viewing basic log information
      • Viewing brief log information
      • Drilling into information on specific commits
    • Distilling Differences Between Versions of Files
      • Examining differences between commits
      • Viewing other types of differences
  • Branching in Git
    • Creating a Branch
    • Checking Out a Branch
    • Merging and Deleting Branches
      • Reviewing fast-forward merges
      • Deleting a branch
      • Reviewing merges with a merge commit
  • Collaborating with Git
    • Collaborating Between Multiple Systems Running Git
      • Linking repositories with remotes
      • Fetching and merging information from remote repositories
      • Pulling information from remote repositories
      • Cloning repositories
      • Extending our working model across multiple systems
      • Using a shared repository
      • Pushing changes to a shared repository
    • Collaborating Using Git-Based Online Services
      • Forking repositories
      • Keeping forked repositories in sync
      • Pull requests
  • Summary
• 9. Automation Tools
  • Reviewing Automation Tools
  • Using Ansible
    • Understanding How Ansible Works
      • Automating Linux servers
      • Automating network devices
    • Constructing an Inventory File
      • Working with inventory groups
      • Using nested groups in an inventory file
      • Using variables in Ansible
        • Managing group variables
        • Managing host variables
        • Understanding variable priority
        • Getting familiar with the all group
    • Executing an Ansible Playbook
      • Understanding tasks in an Ansible playbook
      • Getting familiar with Ansible modules
      • Executing a playbook
    • Using Variable Files
      • Group-based variable files
      • Using host-based variable files
    • Writing Ansible Playbooks for Network Automation
      • Breaking down common core network modules
      • Creating and using configuration templates
        • Creating variable files
        • Creating Jinja templates
        • Generating network configuration files
      • Ensuring a configuration exists
        • Understanding idempotency
        • Using the config module
        • Understanding check mode, verbosity, and limit
      • Gathering and viewing network data
        • Using the core facts modules
        • Using the debug module
      • Issuing show commands and writing data to a file
        • Using the register task attribute
      • Performing compliance checks
      • Generating reports
    • Using Third-Party Ansible Modules
      • Getting familiar with NTC modules
      • Getting familiar with NAPALM modules
      • Being aware of non-core vendor modules
      • Installing third-party modules
    • Ansible Summary
  • Automating with Salt
    • Understanding the Salt Architecture
      • Using Salt in an agentless architecture with salt-ssh
      • Using Salt in an agentless architecture with proxy minions
      • Automating network devices with Salt
    • Getting Familiar with Salt
      • Understanding the SLS file format
      • Understanding pillars
      • Understanding the top file
      • Understanding grains
      • Using execution modules
      • Collecting device data using network modules
      • Understanding targeting and compound matching
      • Verifying minions are up with the test module
      • Viewing module and function docstrings
      • Understanding different output options for modules
      • Sending data to external services
      • Understanding states, state SLS files, and state modules
        • Understanding the state SLS
        • State modules for network automation
      • Updating the master configuration file
      • Updating the minion and proxy minion configuration file
    • Managing Network Configurations with Salt
      • Accessing data within templates
      • Creating Jinja network configuration templates
      • Deploying network configurations with netconfig
      • Using state dependencies
      • Generating network configuration files
      • Generating and deploying network configurations from files
      • Parameterizing configuration filenames
      • Scheduling state execution
      • Generating reports
    • Executing Salt Functions Remotely
      • Using the Salt API
      • Shaking it up with salt and pepper
    • Diving into Salts Event-Driven Infrastructure
      • Watching external processes with beacons
      • Forwarding events with engines
      • Listening to the salt bus with reactors
      • Adding business logic using Thorium
    • Diving into Salt a Bit Further
      • Understanding small database queries (SDB)
      • Understanding the Salt cache
      • Understanding Salt logging
      • Extending Salt
    • Salt Summary
  • Event-Driven Network Automation with StackStorm
    • StackStorm Concepts
    • StackStorm Architecture
    • Actions and Workflows
    • Sensors and Triggers
    • Rules
    • StackStorm Summary
  • Summary
• 10. Continuous Integration
  • Important Prerequisites
    • Simple Is Better
    • People, Process, and Technology
    • Learn to Code
  • Introduction to Continuous Integration
    • Basics of Continuous Integration
    • Continuous Delivery
    • Test-Driven Development
    • Why Continuous Integration for Networking?
  • A Continuous Integration Pipeline for Networking
    • Peer Review
    • Build Automation
    • Test/Dev/Staging Environment
    • Deployment Tools
    • Testing Tools and Test-Driven Network Automation
  • Summary
• 11. Building a Culture for Network Automation
  • Organizational Strategy and Flexibility
    • Transforming an Old-World Organization
    • The Importance of Executive Buy-in
    • Build Versus Buy
  • Embracing Failure
  • Skills and Education
    • Learn What You Dont Know
    • Focus on Fundamentals
    • Certifications?
    • Wont Automation Take My Job?!
  • Summary
• A. Advanced Networking in Linux
  • Using macvlan Interfaces
    • Use Cases for macvlan Interfaces
    • Creating, Configuring, and Deleting macvlan Interfaces
  • Networking Virtual Machines
    • Using a Bridge
    • Using macvtap Interfaces
  • Working with Network Namespaces
    • Use Cases for Network Namespaces
    • Creating and Removing Network Namespaces
    • Placing Interfaces in a Network Namespace
    • Executing Commands in a Network Namespace
    • Connecting Network Namespaces with veth Pairs
  • Networking Linux Containers
    • Configuring LXC Networking
    • Configuring Docker Networking
  • Using Open vSwitch
    • Installing OVS
    • Configuring OVS
    • Connecting Workloads to OVS
      • Connecting network namespaces with OVS
      • Using containers with OVS
      • Using VMs with OVS
      • Using OVS internal ports
• B. Using NAPALM
  • Understanding Configuration Management in NAPALM
    • Performing a Configuration Replace
    • Performing a Configuration Merge
  • Retrieving Data with NAPALM
  • NAPALM Integrations
    • Using NAPALM in Ansible
    • Using NAPALM in Salt
    • Using NAPALM in StackStorm
• Index

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