Effective awk Programming. Universal Text Processing and Pattern Matching. 4th Edition

Spis treści ebooka

• Effective awk Programming
• Dedication
• Foreword to the Third Edition
• Foreword to the Fourth Edition
• Preface
  • History of awk and gawk
  • A Rose by Any Other Name
  • Using This Book
  • Typographical Conventions
    • Dark Corners
  • The GNU Project and This Book
  • How to Stay Current
  • Using Code Examples
  • Safari Books Online
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• I. The awk Language
  • 1. Getting Started with awk
    • How to Run awk Programs
      • One-Shot Throwaway awk Programs
      • Running awk Without Input Files
      • Running Long Programs
      • Executable awk Programs
      • Comments in awk Programs
      • Shell Quoting Issues
        • Quoting in MS-Windows batch files
    • Datafiles for the Examples
    • Some Simple Examples
    • An Example with Two Rules
    • A More Complex Example
    • awk Statements Versus Lines
    • Other Features of awk
    • When to Use awk
    • Summary
  • 2. Running awk and gawk
    • Invoking awk
    • Command-Line Options
    • Other Command-Line Arguments
    • Naming Standard Input
    • The Environment Variables gawk Uses
      • The AWKPATH Environment Variable
      • The AWKLIBPATH Environment Variable
      • Other Environment Variables
    • gawks Exit Status
    • Including Other Files into Your Program
    • Loading Dynamic Extensions into Your Program
    • Obsolete Options and/or Features
    • Undocumented Options and Features
    • Summary
  • 3. Regular Expressions
    • How to Use Regular Expressions
    • Escape Sequences
    • Regular Expression Operators
    • Using Bracket Expressions
    • How Much Text Matches?
    • Using Dynamic Regexps
    • gawk-Specific Regexp Operators
    • Case Sensitivity in Matching
    • Summary
  • 4. Reading Input Files
    • How Input Is Split into Records
      • Record Splitting with Standard awk
      • Record Splitting with gawk
    • Examining Fields
    • Nonconstant Field Numbers
    • Changing the Contents of a Field
    • Specifying How Fields Are Separated
      • Whitespace Normally Separates Fields
      • Using Regular Expressions to Separate Fields
      • Making Each Character a Separate Field
      • Setting FS from the Command Line
      • Making the Full Line Be a Single Field
      • Field-Splitting Summary
    • Reading Fixed-Width Data
    • Defining Fields by Content
    • Multiple-Line Records
    • Explicit Input with getline
      • Using getline with No Arguments
      • Using getline into a Variable
      • Using getline from a File
      • Using getline into a Variable from a File
      • Using getline from a Pipe
      • Using getline into a Variable from a Pipe
      • Using getline from a Coprocess
      • Using getline into a Variable from a Coprocess
      • Points to Remember About getline
      • Summary of getline Variants
    • Reading Input with a Timeout
    • Directories on the Command Line
    • Summary
  • 5. Printing Output
    • The print Statement
    • print Statement Examples
    • Output Separators
    • Controlling Numeric Output with print
    • Using printf Statements for Fancier Printing
      • Introduction to the printf Statement
      • Format-Control Letters
      • Modifiers for printf Formats
      • Examples Using printf
    • Redirecting Output of print and printf
    • Special Files for Standard Preopened Data Streams
    • Special Filenames in gawk
      • Accessing Other Open Files with gawk
      • Special Files for Network Communications
      • Special Filename Caveats
    • Closing Input and Output Redirections
    • Summary
  • 6. Expressions
    • Constants, Variables, and Conversions
      • Constant Expressions
        • Numeric and string constants
        • Octal and hexadecimal numbers
        • Regular expression constants
      • Using Regular Expression Constants
      • Variables
        • Using variables in a program
        • Assigning variables on the command line
      • Conversion of Strings and Numbers
        • How awk converts between strings and numbers
        • Locales can influence conversion
    • Operators: Doing Something with Values
      • Arithmetic Operators
      • String Concatenation
      • Assignment Expressions
      • Increment and Decrement Operators
    • Truth Values and Conditions
      • True and False in awk
      • Variable Typing and Comparison Expressions
        • String type versus numeric type
        • Comparison operators
        • String comparison with POSIX rules
      • Boolean Expressions
      • Conditional Expressions
    • Function Calls
    • Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest)
    • Where You Are Makes a Difference
    • Summary
  • 7. Patterns, Actions, and Variables
    • Pattern Elements
      • Regular Expressions as Patterns
      • Expressions as Patterns
      • Specifying Record Ranges with Patterns
      • The BEGIN and END Special Patterns
        • Startup and cleanup actions
        • Input/output from BEGIN and END rules
      • The BEGINFILE and ENDFILE Special Patterns
      • The Empty Pattern
    • Using Shell Variables in Programs
    • Actions
    • Control Statements in Actions
      • The if-else Statement
      • The while Statement
      • The do-while Statement
      • The for Statement
      • The switch Statement
      • The break Statement
      • The continue Statement
      • The next Statement
      • The nextfile Statement
      • The exit Statement
    • Predefined Variables
      • Built-in Variables That Control awk
      • Built-in Variables That Convey Information
      • Using ARGC and ARGV
    • Summary
  • 8. Arrays in awk
    • The Basics of Arrays
      • Introduction to Arrays
      • Referring to an Array Element
      • Assigning Array Elements
      • Basic Array Example
      • Scanning All Elements of an Array
      • Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders with gawk
    • Using Numbers to Subscript Arrays
    • Using Uninitialized Variables as Subscripts
    • The delete Statement
    • Multidimensional Arrays
      • Scanning Multidimensional Arrays
    • Arrays of Arrays
    • Summary
  • 9. Functions
    • Built-in Functions
      • Calling Built-in Functions
      • Numeric Functions
      • String-Manipulation Functions
        • More about \ and & with sub(), gsub(), and gensub()
      • Input/Output Functions
      • Time Functions
      • Bit-Manipulation Functions
      • Getting Type Information
      • String-Translation Functions
    • User-Defined Functions
      • Function Definition Syntax
      • Function Definition Examples
      • Calling User-Defined Functions
        • Writing a function call
        • Controlling variable scope
        • Passing function arguments by value or by reference
      • The return Statement
      • Functions and Their Effects on Variable Typing
    • Indirect Function Calls
    • Summary
• II. Problem Solving with awk
  • 10. A Library of awk Functions
    • Naming Library Function Global Variables
    • General Programming
      • Converting Strings to Numbers
      • Assertions
      • Rounding Numbers
      • The Cliff Random Number Generator
      • Translating Between Characters and Numbers
      • Merging an Array into a String
      • Managing the Time of Day
      • Reading a Whole File at Once
      • Quoting Strings to Pass to the Shell
    • Datafile Management
      • Noting Datafile Boundaries
      • Rereading the Current File
      • Checking for Readable Datafiles
      • Checking for Zero-Length Files
      • Treating Assignments as Filenames
    • Processing Command-Line Options
    • Reading the User Database
    • Reading the Group Database
    • Traversing Arrays of Arrays
    • Summary
  • 11. Practical awk Programs
    • Running the Example Programs
    • Reinventing Wheels for Fun and Profit
      • Cutting Out Fields and Columns
      • Searching for Regular Expressions in Files
      • Printing Out User Information
      • Splitting a Large File into Pieces
      • Duplicating Output into Multiple Files
      • Printing Nonduplicated Lines of Text
      • Counting Things
    • A Grab Bag of awk Programs
      • Finding Duplicated Words in a Document
      • An Alarm Clock Program
      • Transliterating Characters
      • Printing Mailing Labels
      • Generating Word-Usage Counts
      • Removing Duplicates from Unsorted Text
      • Extracting Programs from Texinfo Source Files
      • A Simple Stream Editor
      • An Easy Way to Use Library Functions
      • Finding Anagrams from a Dictionary
      • And Now for Something Completely Different
    • Summary
• III. Moving Beyond Standard awk with gawk
  • 12. Advanced Features of gawk
    • Allowing Nondecimal Input Data
    • Controlling Array Traversal and Array Sorting
      • Controlling Array Traversal
      • Sorting Array Values and Indices with gawk
    • Two-Way Communications with Another Process
    • Using gawk for Network Programming
    • Profiling Your awk Programs
    • Summary
  • 13. Internationalization with gawk
    • Internationalization and Localization
    • GNU gettext
    • Internationalizing awk Programs
    • Translating awk Programs
      • Extracting Marked Strings
      • Rearranging printf Arguments
      • awk Portability Issues
    • A Simple Internationalization Example
    • gawk Can Speak Your Language
    • Summary
  • 14. Debugging awk Programs
    • Introduction to the gawk Debugger
      • Debugging in General
      • Debugging Concepts
      • awk Debugging
    • Sample gawk Debugging Session
      • How to Start the Debugger
      • Finding the Bug
    • Main Debugger Commands
      • Control of Breakpoints
      • Control of Execution
      • Viewing and Changing Data
      • Working with the Stack
      • Obtaining Information About the Program and the Debugger State
      • Miscellaneous Commands
    • Readline Support
    • Limitations
    • Summary
  • 15. Arithmetic and Arbitrary-Precision Arithmetic with gawk
    • A General Description of Computer Arithmetic
    • Other Stuff to Know
    • Arbitrary-Precision Arithmetic Features in gawk
    • Floating-Point Arithmetic: Caveat Emptor!
      • Floating-Point Arithmetic Is Not Exact
        • Many numbers cannot be represented exactly
        • Be careful comparing values
        • Errors accumulate
      • Getting the Accuracy You Need
      • Try a Few Extra Bits of Precision and Rounding
      • Setting the Precision
      • Setting the Rounding Mode
    • Arbitrary-Precision Integer Arithmetic with gawk
    • Standards Versus Existing Practice
    • Summary
  • 16. Writing Extensions for gawk
    • Introduction
    • Extension Licensing
    • How It Works at a High Level
    • API Description
      • Introduction
      • General-Purpose Data Types
      • Memory Allocation Functions and Convenience Macros
      • Constructor Functions
      • Registration Functions
        • Registering an extension function
        • Registering an exit callback function
        • Registering an extension version string
        • Customized input parsers
        • Customized output wrappers
        • Customized two-way processors
      • Printing Messages
      • Updating ERRNO
      • Requesting Values
      • Accessing and Updating Parameters
      • Symbol Table Access
        • Variable access and update by name
        • Variable access and update by cookie
        • Creating and using cached values
      • Array Manipulation
        • Array data types
        • Array functions
        • Working with all the elements of an array
        • How to create and populate arrays
      • API Variables
        • API version constants and variables
        • Informational variables
      • Boilerplate Code
    • How gawk Finds Extensions
    • Example: Some File Functions
      • Using chdir() and stat()
      • C Code for chdir() and stat()
      • Integrating the Extensions
    • The Sample Extensions in the gawk Distribution
      • File-Related Functions
      • Interface to fnmatch()
      • Interface to fork(), wait(), and waitpid()
      • Enabling In-Place File Editing
      • Character and Numeric values: ord() and chr()
      • Reading Directories
      • Reversing Output
      • Two-Way I/O Example
      • Dumping and Restoring an Array
      • Reading an Entire File
      • Extension Time Functions
      • API Tests
    • The gawkextlib Project
    • Summary
• IV. Appendices
  • A. The Evolution of the awk Language
    • Major Changes Between V7 and SVR3.1
    • Changes Between SVR3.1 and SVR4
    • Changes Between SVR4 and POSIX awk
    • Extensions in Brian Kernighans awk
    • Extensions in gawk Not in POSIX awk
    • Common Extensions Summary
    • Regexp Ranges and Locales: A Long Sad Story
    • Major Contributors to gawk
    • Summary
  • B. Installing gawk
    • The gawk Distribution
      • Getting the gawk Distribution
      • Extracting the Distribution
      • Contents of the gawk Distribution
    • Compiling and Installing gawk on Unix-Like Systems
      • Compiling gawk for Unix-Like Systems
      • Additional Configuration Options
      • The Configuration Process
    • Installation on Other Operating Systems
      • Installation on PC Operating Systems
        • Compiling gawk for PC operating systems
        • Testing gawk on PC operating systems
        • Using gawk on PC operating systems
        • Using gawk in the Cygwin environment
        • Using gawk in the MSYS environment
      • Compiling and Installing gawk on Vax/VMS and OpenVMS
        • Compiling gawk on VMS
        • Compiling gawk dynamic extensions on VMS
        • Installing gawk on VMS
        • Running gawk on VMS
        • The VMS GNV project
        • Some VMS systems have an old version of gawk
    • Reporting Problems and Bugs
    • Other Freely Available awk Implementations
    • Summary
  • C. GNU General Public License
• Index
• Colophon
• Copyright

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