PowerShell Cookbook. 4th Edition

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• Foreword
• Preface
  • Who This Book Is For
  • How This Book Is Organized
  • What You Need to Use This Book
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • Access This Book in Digital Format
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• I. Tour
• A Guided Tour of PowerShell
  • Introduction
  • An Interactive Shell
  • Structured Commands (Cmdlets)
  • Deep Integration of Objects
  • Administrators as First-Class Users
  • Composable Commands
  • Techniques to Protect You from Yourself
  • Common Discovery Commands
  • Ubiquitous Scripting
  • Ad Hoc Development
  • Bridging Technologies
  • Namespace Navigation Through Providers
  • Much, Much More
• II. Fundamentals
• 1. The PowerShell Interactive Shell
  • 1.0. Introduction
  • 1.1. Install PowerShell Core
  • 1.2. Run Programs, Scripts, and Existing Tools
  • 1.3. Run a PowerShell Command
  • 1.4. Resolve Errors Calling Native Executables
  • 1.5. Supply Default Values for Parameters
  • 1.6. Invoke a Long-Running or Background Command
  • 1.7. Program: Monitor a Command for Changes
  • 1.8. Notify Yourself of Job Completion
  • 1.9. Customize Your Shell, Profile, and Prompt
  • 1.10. Customize PowerShells User Input Behavior
  • 1.11. Customize PowerShells Command Resolution Behavior
  • 1.12. Find a Command to Accomplish a Task
  • 1.13. Get Help on a Command
  • 1.14. Update System Help Content
  • 1.15. Program: Search Help for Text
  • 1.16. Launch PowerShell at a Specific Location
  • 1.17. Invoke a PowerShell Command or Script from Outside PowerShell
  • 1.18. Understand and Customize PowerShells Tab Completion
  • 1.19. Program: Learn Aliases for Common Commands
  • 1.20. Program: Learn Aliases for Common Parameters
  • 1.21. Access and Manage Your Console History
  • 1.22. Program: Create Scripts from Your Session History
  • 1.23. Invoke a Command from Your Session History
  • 1.24. Program: Search Formatted Output for a Pattern
  • 1.25. Interactively View and Process Command Output
  • 1.26. Program: Interactively View and Explore Objects
  • 1.27. Record a Transcript of Your Shell Session
  • 1.28. Extend Your Shell with Additional Commands
  • 1.29. Find and Install Additional PowerShell Scripts and Modules
  • 1.30. Use Commands from Customized Shells
  • 1.31. Save State Between Sessions
• 2. Pipelines
  • 2.0. Introduction
  • 2.1. Chain Commands Based on Their Success or Error
  • 2.2. Filter Items in a List or Command Output
  • 2.3. Group and Pivot Data by Name
  • 2.4. Interactively Filter Lists of Objects
  • 2.5. Work with Each Item in a List or Command Output
  • 2.6. Automate Data-Intensive Tasks
  • 2.7. Intercept Stages of the Pipeline
  • 2.8. Automatically Capture Pipeline Output
  • 2.9. Capture and Redirect Binary Process Output
• 3. Variables and Objects
  • 3.0. Introduction
  • 3.1. Display the Properties of an Item as a List
  • 3.2. Display the Properties of an Item as a Table
  • 3.3. Store Information in Variables
  • 3.4. Access Environment Variables
  • 3.5. Program: Retain Changes to Environment Variables Set by a Batch File
  • 3.6. Control Access and Scope of Variables and Other Items
  • 3.7. Program: Create a Dynamic Variable
  • 3.8. Work with .NET Objects
  • 3.9. Create an Instance of a .NET Object
  • 3.10. Create Instances of Generic Objects
  • 3.11. Use a COM Object
  • 3.12. Learn About Types and Objects
  • 3.13. Get Detailed Documentation About Types and Objects
  • 3.14. Add Custom Methods and Properties to Objects
  • 3.15. Create and Initialize Custom Objects
  • 3.16. Add Custom Methods and Properties to Types
  • 3.17. Define Custom Formatting for a Type
• 4. Looping and Flow Control
  • 4.0. Introduction
  • 4.1. Make Decisions with Comparison and Logical Operators
  • 4.2. Adjust Script Flow Using Conditional Statements
  • 4.3. Manage Large Conditional Statements with Switches
  • 4.4. Repeat Operations with Loops
  • 4.5. Process Time-Consuming Action in Parallel
  • 4.6. Add a Pause or Delay
• 5. Strings and Unstructured Text
  • 5.0. Introduction
  • 5.1. Create a String
  • 5.2. Create a Multiline or Formatted String
  • 5.3. Place Special Characters in a String
  • 5.4. Insert Dynamic Information in a String
  • 5.5. Prevent a String from Including Dynamic Information
  • 5.6. Place Formatted Information in a String
  • 5.7. Search a String for Text or a Pattern
  • 5.8. Replace Text in a String
  • 5.9. Split a String on Text or a Pattern
  • 5.10. Combine Strings into a Larger String
  • 5.11. Convert a String to Uppercase or Lowercase
  • 5.12. Trim a String
  • 5.13. Format a Date for Output
  • 5.14. Convert a String Between One Format and Another
  • 5.15. Convert Text Streams to Objects
  • 5.16. Generate Large Reports and Text Streams
  • 5.17. Generate Source Code and Other Repetitive Text
• 6. Calculations and Math
  • 6.0. Introduction
  • 6.1. Perform Simple Arithmetic
  • 6.2. Perform Complex Arithmetic
  • 6.3. Measure Statistical Properties of a List
  • 6.4. Work with Numbers as Binary
  • 6.5. Simplify Math with Administrative Constants
  • 6.6. Convert Numbers Between Bases
• 7. Lists, Arrays, and Hashtables
  • 7.0. Introduction
  • 7.1. Create an Array or List of Items
  • 7.2. Create a Jagged or Multidimensional Array
  • 7.3. Access Elements of an Array
  • 7.4. Visit Each Element of an Array
  • 7.5. Sort an Array or List of Items
  • 7.6. Determine Whether an Array Contains an Item
  • 7.7. Combine Two Arrays
  • 7.8. Find Items in an Array That Match a Value
  • 7.9. Compare Two Lists
  • 7.10. Remove Elements from an Array
  • 7.11. Find Items in an Array Greater or Less Than a Value
  • 7.12. Use the ArrayList Class for Advanced Array Tasks
  • 7.13. Create a Hashtable or Associative Array
  • 7.14. Sort a Hashtable by Key or Value
• 8. Utility Tasks
  • 8.0. Introduction
  • 8.1. Get the System Date and Time
  • 8.2. Measure the Duration of a Command
  • 8.3. Read and Write from the Clipboard
  • 8.4. Generate a Random Number or Object
  • 8.5. Convert Time Between Time Zones
  • 8.6. Program: Search the Windows Start Menu
  • 8.7. Program: Show Colorized Script Content
• III. Common Tasks
• 9. Simple Files
  • 9.0. Introduction
  • 9.1. Get the Content of a File
  • 9.2. Store the Output of a Command into a File
  • 9.3. Add Information to the End of a File
  • 9.4. Search a File for Text or a Pattern
  • 9.5. Parse and Manage Text-Based Logfiles
  • 9.6. Parse and Manage Binary Files
  • 9.7. Create and Manage Temporary Files
  • 9.8. Search and Replace Text in a File
  • 9.9. Program: Get the Encoding of a File
  • 9.10. View the Hexadecimal Representation of Content
• 10. Structured Files
  • 10.0. Introduction
  • 10.1. Access Information in an XML File
  • 10.2. Perform an XPath Query Against XML
  • 10.3. Convert Objects to XML
  • 10.4. Modify Data in an XML File
  • 10.5. Easily Import and Export Your Structured Data
  • 10.6. Store the Output of a Command in a CSV or Delimited File
  • 10.7. Import CSV and Delimited Data from a File
  • 10.8. Manage JSON Data Streams
  • 10.9. Use Excel to Manage Command Output
  • 10.10. Parse and Interpret PowerShell Scripts
• 11. Code Reuse
  • 11.0. Introduction
  • 11.1. Write a Script
  • 11.2. Write a Function
  • 11.3. Find a Verb Appropriate for a Command Name
  • 11.4. Write a Script Block
  • 11.5. Return Data from a Script, Function, or Script Block
  • 11.6. Package Common Commands in a Module
  • 11.7. Write Commands That Maintain State
  • 11.8. Selectively Export Commands from a Module
  • 11.9. Diagnose and Interact with Internal Module State
  • 11.10. Handle Cleanup Tasks When a Module Is Removed
  • 11.11. Access Arguments of a Script, Function, or Script Block
  • 11.12. Add Validation to Parameters
  • 11.13. Accept Script Block Parameters with Local Variables
  • 11.14. Dynamically Compose Command Parameters
  • 11.15. Provide -WhatIf, -Confirm, and Other Cmdlet Features
  • 11.16. Add Help to Scripts or Functions
  • 11.17. Add Custom Tags to a Function or Script Block
  • 11.18. Access a Scripts Pipeline Input
  • 11.19. Write Pipeline-Oriented Scripts with Cmdlet Keywords
  • 11.20. Write a Pipeline-Oriented Function
  • 11.21. Organize Scripts for Improved Readability
  • 11.22. Invoke Dynamically Named Commands
  • 11.23. Program: Enhance or Extend an Existing Cmdlet
• 12. Internet-Enabled Scripts
  • 12.0. Introduction
  • 12.1. Download a File from an FTP or Internet Site
  • 12.2. Upload a File to an FTP Site
  • 12.3. Program: Resolve the Destination of an Internet Redirect
  • 12.4. Download a Web Page from the Internet
  • 12.5. Parse and Analyze a Web Page from the Internet
  • 12.6. Script a Web Application Session
  • 12.7. Interact with REST-Based Web APIs
  • 12.8. Connect to a Web Service
  • 12.9. Interact with and Manage Remote SSL Certificates
  • 12.10. Export Command Output as a Web Page
  • 12.11. Send an Email
  • 12.12. Program: Monitor Website Uptimes
  • 12.13. Program: Interact with Internet Protocols
• 13. User Interaction
  • 13.0. Introduction
  • 13.1. Read a Line of User Input
  • 13.2. Read a Key of User Input
  • 13.3. Program: Display a Menu to the User
  • 13.4. Display Messages and Output to the User
  • 13.5. Provide Progress Updates on Long-Running Tasks
  • 13.6. Write Culture-Aware Scripts
  • 13.7. Support Other Languages in Script Output
  • 13.8. Program: Invoke a Script Block with Alternate Culture Settings
  • 13.9. Access Features of the Hosts UI
  • 13.10. Add a Graphical User Interface to Your Script
  • 13.11. Program: Add a Console UI to Your Script
  • 13.12. Interact with MTA Objects
• 14. Debugging
  • 14.0. Introduction
  • 14.1. Prevent Common Scripting Errors
  • 14.2. Write Unit Tests for your Scripts
  • 14.3. Trace Script Execution
  • 14.4. Set a Script Breakpoint
  • 14.5. Debug a Script When It Encounters an Error
  • 14.6. Create a Conditional Breakpoint
  • 14.7. Investigate System State While Debugging
  • 14.8. Debug a Script on a Remote Machine
  • 14.9. Program: Watch an Expression for Changes
  • 14.10. Debug a Script in Another Process
  • 14.11. Program: Get Script Code Coverage
• 15. Tracing and Error Management
  • 15.0. Introduction
  • 15.1. Determine the Status of the Last Command
  • 15.2. View the Errors Generated by a Command
  • 15.3. Manage the Error Output of Commands
  • 15.4. Program: Resolve an Error
  • 15.5. Configure Debug, Verbose, and Progress Output
  • 15.6. Handle Warnings, Errors, and Terminating Errors
  • 15.7. Output Warnings, Errors, and Terminating Errors
  • 15.8. Analyze a Scripts Performance Profile
• 16. Environmental Awareness
  • 16.0. Introduction
  • 16.1. View and Modify Environment Variables
  • 16.2. Modify the User or System Path
  • 16.3. Access Information About Your Commands Invocation
  • 16.4. Program: Investigate the InvocationInfo Variable
  • 16.5. Find Your Scripts Name
  • 16.6. Find Your Scripts Location
  • 16.7. Find the Location of Common System Paths
  • 16.8. Get the Current Location
  • 16.9. Safely Build File Paths Out of Their Components
  • 16.10. Interact with PowerShells Global Environment
  • 16.11. Determine PowerShell Version Information
  • 16.12. Test for Administrative Privileges
• 17. Extend the Reach of PowerShell
  • 17.0. Introduction
  • 17.1. Automate Programs Using COM Scripting Interfaces
  • 17.2. Program: Query a SQL Data Source
  • 17.3. Access Windows Performance Counters
  • 17.4. Access Windows API Functions
  • 17.5. Program: Invoke Simple Windows API Calls
  • 17.6. Define or Extend a .NET Class
  • 17.7. Add Inline C# to Your PowerShell Script
  • 17.8. Access a .NET SDK Library
  • 17.9. Create Your Own PowerShell Cmdlet
  • 17.10. Add PowerShell Scripting to Your Own Program
• 18. Security and Script Signing
  • 18.0. Introduction
  • 18.1. Enable Scripting Through an Execution Policy
  • 18.2. Enable PowerShell Security Logging
  • 18.3. Disable Warnings for UNC Paths
  • 18.4. Sign a PowerShell Script, Module, or Formatting File
  • 18.5. Create a Self-Signed Certificate
  • 18.6. Manage PowerShell Security in an Enterprise
  • 18.7. Block Scripts by Publisher, Path, or Hash
  • 18.8. Verify the Digital Signature of a PowerShell Script
  • 18.9. Securely Handle Sensitive Information
  • 18.10. Securely Request Usernames and Passwords
  • 18.11. Start a Process as Another User
  • 18.12. Program: Run a Temporarily Elevated Command
  • 18.13. Securely Store Credentials on Disk
  • 18.14. Access User and Machine Certificates
  • 18.15. Program: Search the Certificate Store
  • 18.16. Add and Remove Certificates
  • 18.17. Manage Security Descriptors in SDDL Form
  • 18.18. Create a Task-Specific Remoting Endpoint
  • 18.19. Limit Interactive Use of PowerShell
  • 18.20. Detect and Prevent Code Injection Vulnerabilities
  • 18.21. Get the Cryptographic Hash of a File
  • 18.22. Capture and Validate Integrity of File Sets
• 19. Visual Studio Code
  • 19.0. Introduction
  • 19.1. Debug a Script
  • 19.2. Connect to a Remote Computer
  • 19.3. Interact with Visual Studio Code Through Its Object Model
  • 19.4. Quickly Insert Script Snippets
• IV. Administrator Tasks
• 20. Files and Directories
  • 20.0. Introduction
  • 20.1. Determine and Change the Current Location
  • 20.2. Get the Files in a Directory
  • 20.3. Find All Files Modified Before a Certain Date
  • 20.4. Clear the Content of a File
  • 20.5. Manage and Change the Attributes of a File
  • 20.6. Find Files That Match a Pattern
  • 20.7. Manage Files That Include Special Characters
  • 20.8. Program: Get Disk Usage Information
  • 20.9. Monitor a File for Changes
  • 20.10. Get the Version of a DLL or Executable
  • 20.11. Create a Directory
  • 20.12. Remove a File or Directory
  • 20.13. Rename a File or Directory
  • 20.14. Move a File or Directory
  • 20.15. Create and Map PowerShell Drives
  • 20.16. Access Long File and Directory Names
  • 20.17. Unblock a File
  • 20.18. Interact with Alternate Data Streams
  • 20.19. Program: Move or Remove a Locked File
  • 20.20. Get the ACL of a File or Directory
  • 20.21. Set the ACL of a File or Directory
  • 20.22. Program: Add Extended File Properties to Files
  • 20.23. Manage ZIP Archives
• 21. The Windows Registry
  • 21.0. Introduction
  • 21.1. Navigate the Registry
  • 21.2. View a Registry Key
  • 21.3. Modify or Remove a Registry Key Value
  • 21.4. Create a Registry Key Value
  • 21.5. Remove a Registry Key
  • 21.6. Safely Combine Related Registry Modifications
  • 21.7. Add a Site to an Internet Explorer Security Zone
  • 21.8. Modify Internet Explorer Settings
  • 21.9. Program: Search the Windows Registry
  • 21.10. Get the ACL of a Registry Key
  • 21.11. Set the ACL of a Registry Key
  • 21.12. Work with the Registry of a Remote Computer
  • 21.13. Program: Get Registry Items from Remote Machines
  • 21.14. Program: Get Properties of Remote Registry Keys
  • 21.15. Program: Set Properties of Remote Registry Keys
  • 21.16. Discover Registry Settings for Programs
• 22. Comparing Data
  • 22.0. Introduction
  • 22.1. Compare the Output of Two Commands
  • 22.2. Determine the Differences Between Two Files
• 23. Event Logs
  • 23.0. Introduction
  • 23.1. List All Event Logs
  • 23.2. Get the Oldest Entries from an Event Log
  • 23.3. Find Event Log Entries with Specific Text
  • 23.4. Retrieve and Filter Event Log Entries
  • 23.5. Find Event Log Entries by Their Frequency
  • 23.6. Back Up an Event Log
  • 23.7. Create or Remove an Event Log
  • 23.8. Write to an Event Log
  • 23.9. Run a PowerShell Script for Windows Event Log Entries
  • 23.10. Clear or Maintain an Event Log
  • 23.11. Access Event Logs of a Remote Machine
• 24. Processes
  • 24.0. Introduction
  • 24.1. List Currently Running Processes
  • 24.2. Launch the Application Associated with a Document
  • 24.3. Launch a Process
  • 24.4. Stop a Process
  • 24.5. Get the Owner of a Process
  • 24.6. Get the Parent Process of a Process
  • 24.7. Debug a Process
• 25. System Services
  • 25.0. Introduction
  • 25.1. List All Running Services
  • 25.2. Manage a Running Service
  • 25.3. Configure a Service
• 26. Active Directory
  • 26.0. Introduction
  • 26.1. Test Active Directory Scripts on a Local Installation
  • 26.2. Create an Organizational Unit
  • 26.3. Get the Properties of an Organizational Unit
  • 26.4. Modify Properties of an Organizational Unit
  • 26.5. Delete an Organizational Unit
  • 26.6. Get the Children of an Active Directory Container
  • 26.7. Create a User Account
  • 26.8. Program: Import Users in Bulk to Active Directory
  • 26.9. Search for a User Account
  • 26.10. Get and List the Properties of a User Account
  • 26.11. Modify Properties of a User Account
  • 26.12. Change a User Password
  • 26.13. Create a Security or Distribution Group
  • 26.14. Search for a Security or Distribution Group
  • 26.15. Get the Properties of a Group
  • 26.16. Find the Owner of a Group
  • 26.17. Modify Properties of a Security or Distribution Group
  • 26.18. Add a User to a Security or Distribution Group
  • 26.19. Remove a User from a Security or Distribution Group
  • 26.20. List a Users Group Membership
  • 26.21. List the Members of a Group
  • 26.22. List the Users in an Organizational Unit
  • 26.23. Search for a Computer Account
  • 26.24. Get and List the Properties of a Computer Account
• 27. Enterprise Computer Management
  • 27.0. Introduction
  • 27.1. Join a Computer to a Domain or Workgroup
  • 27.2. Remove a Computer from a Domain
  • 27.3. Rename a Computer
  • 27.4. Program: List Logon or Logoff Scripts for a User
  • 27.5. Program: List Startup or Shutdown Scripts for a Machine
  • 27.6. Deploy PowerShell-Based Logon Scripts
  • 27.7. Enable or Disable the Windows Firewall
  • 27.8. Open or Close Ports in the Windows Firewall
  • 27.9. Program: List All Installed Software
  • 27.10. Uninstall an Application
  • 27.11. Manage Computer Restore Points
  • 27.12. Reboot or Shut Down a Computer
  • 27.13. Determine Whether a Hotfix Is Installed
  • 27.14. Manage Scheduled Tasks on a Computer
  • 27.15. Retrieve Printer Information
  • 27.16. Retrieve Printer Queue Statistics
  • 27.17. Manage Printers and Print Queues
  • 27.18. Program: Summarize System Information
  • 27.19. Renew a DHCP Lease
  • 27.20. Assign a Static IP Address
  • 27.21. List All IP Addresses for a Computer
  • 27.22. List Network Adapter Properties
• 28. CIM and Windows Management Instrumentation
  • 28.0. Introduction
  • 28.1. Access Windows Management Instrumentation and CIM Data
  • 28.2. Modify the Properties of a WMI or CIM Instance
  • 28.3. Invoke a Method on a WMI Instance or Class
  • 28.4. Program: Determine Properties Available to WMI and CIM Filters
  • 28.5. Search for the WMI or CIM Class to Accomplish a Task
  • 28.6. Use .NET to Perform Advanced WMI Tasks
  • 28.7. Convert a VBScript WMI Script to PowerShell
• 29. Remoting
  • 29.0. Introduction
  • 29.1. Find Commands That Support Their Own Remoting
  • 29.2. Enable PowerShell Remoting on a Computer
  • 29.3. Enable SSH as a PowerShell Remoting Transport
  • 29.4. Interactively Manage a Remote Computer
  • 29.5. Invoke a Command on a Remote Computer
  • 29.6. Disconnect and Reconnect PowerShell Sessions
  • 29.7. Program: Remotely Enable PowerShell Remoting
  • 29.8. Program: Invoke a PowerShell Expression on a Remote Machine
  • 29.9. Test Connectivity Between Two Computers
  • 29.10. Limit Networking Scripts to Hosts That Respond
  • 29.11. Enable Remote Desktop on a Computer
  • 29.12. Configure User Permissions for Remoting
  • 29.13. Enable Remoting to Workgroup Computers
  • 29.14. Implicitly Invoke Commands from a Remote Computer
  • 29.15. Create Sessions with Full Network Access
  • 29.16. Pass Variables to Remote Sessions
  • 29.17. Manage and Edit Files on Remote Machines
  • 29.18. Configure Advanced Remoting Quotas and Options
  • 29.19. Invoke a Command on Many Computers
  • 29.20. Run a Local Script on a Remote Computer
  • 29.21. Determine Whether a Script Is Running on a Remote Computer
• 30. Transactions
  • 30.0. Introduction
  • 30.1. Safely Experiment with Transactions
  • 30.2. Change Error Recovery Behavior in Transactions
• 31. Event Handling
  • 31.0. Introduction
  • 31.1. Respond to Automatically Generated Events
  • 31.2. Create and Respond to Custom Events
  • 31.3. Create a Temporary Event Subscription
  • 31.4. Forward Events from a Remote Computer
  • 31.5. Investigate Internal Event Action State
  • 31.6. Use a Script Block as a .NET Delegate or Event Handler
• V. References
• A. PowerShell Language and Environment
  • Commands and Expressions
  • Comments
  • Help Comments
  • Variables
  • Booleans
  • Strings
  • Numbers
  • Arrays and Lists
  • Hashtables (Associative Arrays)
  • XML
  • Simple Operators
  • Comparison Operators
  • Conditional Statements
  • Looping Statements
  • Working with the .NET Framework
  • Writing Scripts, Reusing Functionality
  • Managing Errors
  • Formatting Output
  • Capturing Output
  • Common Customization Points
• B. Regular Expression Reference
• C. XPath Quick Reference
• D. .NET String Formatting
  • String Formatting Syntax
  • Standard Numeric Format Strings
  • Custom Numeric Format Strings
• E. .NET DateTime Formatting
  • Custom DateTime Format Strings
• F. Selected .NET Classes and Their Uses
• G. WMI Reference
• H. Selected COM Objects and Their Uses
• I. Selected Events and Their Uses
• J. Standard PowerShell Verbs
• Index

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