Web Application Security. Exploitation and Countermeasures for Modern Web Applications

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• Preface
  • Prerequisite Knowledge and Learning Goals
  • Suggested Background
  • Minimum Required Skills
  • Who Benefits Most from Reading This Book?
    • Software Engineers and Web Application Developers
      • Software engineers
      • Web application developers
    • General Learning Goals
    • Security Engineers, Pen Testers, and Bug Bounty Hunters
  • How Is This Book Organized?
    • Recon
      • Why is recon important?
    • Offense
      • Vulnerabilities considered in depth
    • Defense
      • Trade-off evaluation
  • Language and Terminology
  • Summary
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
• 1. The History of Software Security
  • The Origins of Hacking
  • The Enigma Machine, Circa 1930
  • Automated Enigma Code Cracking, Circa 1940
    • Introducing the Bombe
  • Telephone Phreaking, Circa 1950
  • Anti-Phreaking Technology, Circa 1960
  • The Origins of Computer Hacking, Circa 1980
  • The Rise of the World Wide Web, Circa 2000
  • Hackers in the Modern Era, Circa 2015+
  • Summary
• I. Recon
• 2. Introduction to Web Application Reconnaissance
  • Information Gathering
  • Web Application Mapping
  • Summary
• 3. The Structure of a Modern Web Application
  • Modern Versus Legacy Web Applications
  • REST APIs
  • JavaScript Object Notation
  • JavaScript
    • Variables and Scope
    • Functions
    • Context
    • Prototypal Inheritance
    • Asynchrony
    • Browser DOM
  • SPA Frameworks
  • Authentication and Authorization Systems
    • Authentication
    • Authorization
  • Web Servers
  • Server-Side Databases
  • Client-Side Data Stores
  • Summary
• 4. Finding Subdomains
  • Multiple Applications per Domain
  • The Browsers Built-In Network Analysis Tools
  • Taking Advantage of Public Records
    • Search Engine Caches
    • Accidental Archives
    • Social Snapshots
      • Twitter API
  • Zone Transfer Attacks
  • Brute Forcing Subdomains
  • Dictionary Attacks
  • Summary
• 5. API Analysis
  • Endpoint Discovery
  • Authentication Mechanisms
  • Endpoint Shapes
    • Common Shapes
    • Application-Specific Shapes
  • Summary
• 6. Identifying Third-Party Dependencies
  • Detecting Client-Side Frameworks
    • Detecting SPA Frameworks
      • EmberJS
      • AngularJS
      • React
      • VueJS
    • Detecting JavaScript Libraries
    • Detecting CSS Libraries
  • Detecting Server-Side Frameworks
    • Header Detection
    • Default Error Messages and 404 Pages
    • Database Detection
  • Summary
• 7. Identifying Weak Points in Application Architecture
  • Secure Versus Insecure Architecture Signals
  • Multiple Layers of Security
  • Adoption and Reinvention
  • Summary
• 8. Part I Summary
• II. Offense
• 9. Introduction to Hacking Web Applications
  • The Hackers Mindset
  • Applied Recon
• 10. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
  • XSS Discovery and Exploitation
  • Stored XSS
  • Reflected XSS
  • DOM-Based XSS
  • Mutation-Based XSS
  • Summary
• 11. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
  • Query Parameter Tampering
  • Alternate GET Payloads
  • CSRF Against POST Endpoints
  • Summary
• 12. XML External Entity (XXE)
  • Direct XXE
  • Indirect XXE
  • Summary
• 13. Injection
  • SQL Injection
  • Code Injection
  • Command Injection
  • Summary
• 14. Denial of Service (DoS)
  • regex DoS (ReDoS)
  • Logical DoS Vulnerabilities
  • Distributed DoS
  • Summary
• 15. Exploiting Third-Party Dependencies
  • Methods of Integration
    • Branches and Forks
    • Self-Hosted Application Integrations
    • Source Code Integration
  • Package Managers
    • JavaScript
    • Java
    • Other Languages
  • Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures Database
  • Summary
• 16. Part II Summary
• III. Defense
• 17. Securing Modern Web Applications
  • Defensive Software Architecture
  • Comprehensive Code Reviews
  • Vulnerability Discovery
  • Vulnerability Analysis
  • Vulnerability Management
  • Regression Testing
  • Mitigation Strategies
  • Applied Recon and Offense Techniques
• 18. Secure Application Architecture
  • Analyzing Feature Requirements
  • Authentication and Authorization
    • Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security
    • Secure Credentials
    • Hashing Credentials
      • BCrypt
      • PBKDF2
    • 2FA
  • PII and Financial Data
  • Searching
  • Summary
• 19. Reviewing Code for Security
  • How to Start a Code Review
  • Archetypical Vulnerabilities Versus Custom Logic Bugs
  • Where to Start a Security Review
  • Secure-Coding Anti-Patterns
    • Blacklists
    • Boilerplate Code
    • Trust-By-Default Anti-Pattern
    • Client/Server Separation
  • Summary
• 20. Vulnerability Discovery
  • Security Automation
    • Static Analysis
    • Dynamic Analysis
    • Vulnerability Regression Testing
  • Responsible Disclosure Programs
  • Bug Bounty Programs
  • Third-Party Penetration Testing
  • Summary
• 21. Vulnerability Management
  • Reproducing Vulnerabilities
  • Ranking Vulnerability Severity
  • Common Vulnerability Scoring System
    • CVSS: Base Scoring
    • CVSS: Temporal Scoring
    • CVSS: Environmental Scoring
  • Advanced Vulnerability Scoring
  • Beyond Triage and Scoring
  • Summary
• 22. Defending Against XSS Attacks
  • Anti-XSS Coding Best Practices
  • Sanitizing User Input
    • DOMParser Sink
    • SVG Sink
    • Blob Sink
    • Sanitizing Hyperlinks
    • HTML Entity Encoding
  • CSS
  • Content Security Policy for XSS Prevention
    • Script Source
    • Unsafe Eval and Unsafe Inline
    • Implementing a CSP
  • Summary
• 23. Defending Against CSRF Attacks
  • Header Verification
  • CSRF Tokens
    • Stateless CSRF Tokens
  • Anti-CRSF Coding Best Practices
    • Stateless GET Requests
    • Application-Wide CSRF Mitigation
      • Anti-CSRF middleware
  • Summary
• 24. Defending Against XXE
  • Evaluating Other Data Formats
  • Advanced XXE Risks
  • Summary
• 25. Defending Against Injection
  • Mitigating SQL Injection
    • Detecting SQL Injection
    • Prepared Statements
    • Database-Specific Defenses
  • Generic Injection Defenses
    • Potential Injection Targets
    • Principle of Least Authority
    • Whitelisting Commands
  • Summary
• 26. Defending Against DoS
  • Protecting Against Regex DoS
  • Protecting Against Logical DoS
  • Protecting Against DDoS
    • DDoS Mitigation
  • Summary
• 27. Securing Third-Party Dependencies
  • Evaluating Dependency Trees
    • Modeling a Dependency Tree
    • Dependency Trees in the Real World
    • Automated Evaluation
  • Secure Integration Techniques
    • Separation of Concerns
    • Secure Package Management
  • Summary
• 28. Part III Summary
  • The History of Software Security
  • Web Application Reconnaissance
  • Offense
  • Defense
• 29. Conclusion
• Index

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