Using csh & tcsh Paul DuBois

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• Using csh and tcsh
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  • Preface
    • Intended Audience
    • Scope of This Handbook
      • Part I, Learning the Basics
      • Part II, Becoming More Efficient
      • Part III, Appendixes
    • How To Read This Handbook
    • Conventions Used in This Handbook
    • Comments and Corrections
    • Acknowledgments
  • I. Learning the Basics
    • 1. Introduction
      • Using the Examples
      • Selecting a Login Shell
        • Trying a Shell Temporarily
        • A Recommendation: Use tcsh, Not csh
      • Before You Read Further
    • 2. A Shell Primer
      • Entering Commands
      • Command Input and Output
      • Files and Directories
        • Filename Patterns
        • "Invisible" Files
        • Creating Directories
        • Changing Your Current Directory
        • Removing Directories
      • Combining Commands
      • Running Commands in the Background
      • When Do Spaces Matter?
      • The Shell Startup Files
    • 3. Using the Shell Effectively
      • Using Filenames
        • Letting the Shell Type Filenames for You
        • Using "Patterns" for Filenames that Dont Exist
        • Using Shorthand for Home Directory Names
        • Letting the Shell Correct Your Spelling Mistakes
        • Dealing with Hard-To-Type Filenames
      • Reusing and Editing Commands
        • The Shell's History List
        • Repeating Commands Using !-Specifiers
        • Repeating Commands Using the Command Editor
        • Repeating Part of a Command
        • Editing Commands
        • Repeating Commands Using a Loop
      • Creating Command Shortcuts
      • Using Command Substitution
      • Navigating the File System
        • How To Bounce Easily Between Two Directories
        • Letting the Shell Find Directories for You
      • Using Your Prompt
        • Using tcsh Prompt Formatting Sequences
          • Put a clock in your prompt
          • Make your prompt stand out
          • Put your current location in your prompt
      • Using Job Control
        • Why Job Control Is Useful
        • Basic Job Control
          • Stopping a job
          • Moving a job to the background
          • Bringing a job to the foreground
          • Killing a job
          • Stopping a background job
        • Dealing with Multiple Jobs
          • Referring to the current job
          • Referring to jobs by number
          • Referring to jobs by name
        • Job Control Shortcuts
        • What To Do When You See "There are stopped jobs"
  • II. Becoming More Efficient
    • 4. The Shell Startup Files
      • Startup and Shutdown Files
      • Getting To Know .cshrc and .login
      • Modifying .cshrc and .login
      • Using Variables
        • Shell Variables
        • Environment Variables
        • Examining and Using Variable Values
        • Turning Off Variables
        • Making tcsh Shell Variables Read-Only
        • Paired Variables
      • Organizing Your Startup Files
        • Login Versus Non-Login Shells
        • Interactive Versus Non-Interactive Shells
        • Using the source Command
        • Protecting tcsh-Only Commands from csh
      • The .logout File
    • 5. Setting Up Your Terminal
      • Identifying Your Terminal Settings
      • What the Settings Mean
        • Line Editing Settings
        • Process Control Settings
      • Changing Your Terminal Settings
        • Problems Typing the # and @ Characters
        • Getting Your Terminal To Backspace
      • Did Your Terminal Stop Working?
    • 6. Using Your Command History
      • The History List
      • Reviewing Your History
      • Using Commands from Your History
      • Event Specifiers
        • Recalling the Previous Command
        • Referring to Commands by Number
        • Referring to Events by Command Name or Substring
        • Referring to the Current Event
        • Erroneous History References
        • Adding Text to Recalled Events
          • Resolving ambiguous additions
      • Word Designators
        • Word Designator Shorthand
        • Using Word Designators
        • Repeating a Set of Words
        • Repeating Words from the Current Command
      • Event Modifiers
        • Recalling Commands Without Executing Them
        • Substitution Modifiers
          • Repeating a substitution
          • Repeating the previous substitution
          • Checking a substitution
        • Filename Modifiers
      • Making History Persist Across Login Sessions
    • 7. The tcsh Command-Line Editor
      • Editing a Command
      • Command Key Bindings
        • Getting Key Binding Information
        • Comparison of emacs Mode and vi Mode
      • emacs Editing Mode
        • emacs Cursor Motion Commands
        • emacs Modification Commands
        • Repeating emacs Commands
        • emacs History-Searching Commands
        • Using the Arrow Keys in emacs Mode
      • vi Editing Mode
        • Using vi Insert Mode
        • Using vi Command Mode
          • Cursor motion commands
          • Repeating commands
          • Adding text
          • Deleting text
          • Replacing text
        • vi History-Searching Commands
        • vi Character-Seeking Commands
        • Using the Arrow Keys in vi Mode
      • Examining and Modifying Key Bindings
        • Selecting a Set of Bindings
        • Getting a List of Editing Commands
        • Displaying Key Bindings
          • Displaying all bindings
          • Displaying individual key bindings
        • Specifying the key Argument
          • Options that modify interpretation of the key argument
        • Changing Key Bindings
          • Binding an individual key
          • Binding a key to itself
          • Removing a binding
          • Binding a key to a shell command
          • Binding a key to a literal string
        • Conflicts Between Terminal Settings and Key Bindings
        • Conflicts Between Key Bindings
    • 8. Using Aliases To Create Command Shortcuts
      • Defining Aliases
        • Referring to Arguments in Aliases
        • Referring to the History List in Aliases
        • Getting Used to Aliases
      • Uses for Aliases
        • Aliases Save Typing
        • Aliases Can Redefine Commands
        • Aliases Hide Differences Between Systems
      • Using Sets of Aliases
    • 9. File-Naming Shortcuts
      • Using Filename Patterns
        • Matching Multiple Characters
        • Matching Single Characters
        • Combining Pattern Operators
        • Patterns and Dot Files
        • Negating Patterns
        • Be Careful with Patterns
        • Pretesting Filename Patterns
      • Using {} To Generate Arguments
      • Directory Naming Shorthand
        • Referring to Home Directories Using name
        • Referring to Directory Stack Entries Using =n
    • 10. Filename and Programmed Completion
      • Using Built-In Filename Completion
        • Displaying Completion Matches
        • Narrowing the Scope of Completion Matches
        • Other Types of Completions
        • Listing Completion Matches Automatically
        • Completion and the tcsh Command Editor
          • Stepping through possible completions
          • Completion in mid-command
          • Completion and filename patterns
      • Programmed Completions
      • Syntax of the complete Command
        • Selecting the Word To Be Completed
          • Position-based word selection
          • Pattern-based word selection
        • Completing the Selected Word
          • Restricting the set of completion words
          • Choosing completions from a given directory
          • Displaying a message instead of listing matches
          • Supplying your own completion word list
          • Adding a suffix to the completed word
        • Specifying Multiple Completion Rules
      • Displaying and Removing Programmed Completions
      • When Programmed Completions Do Not Apply
    • 11. Quoting and Special Characters
      • Special Characters
      • The Shell's Quote Characters
        • Quoting the Quote Characters
      • Referring to Files with Problematic Names
        • Typing Difficult Filenames Using Filename Completion
        • Typing Difficult Filenames Using Filename Patterns
        • Quoting Special Characters Yourself
      • Passing Special Characters to Commands
        • Referring to a File When the Name Has a Leading Dash
      • Using Partial Quoting
      • Quoting Oddities
    • 12. Using Commands To Generate Arguments
      • Command Substitution
        • Finding Files
        • Taking Arguments from a File
        • Processing Arguments Individually
      • Repeating Substituted Commands
      • Deferred Command Substitution
        • Verifying the Argument List
          • Dealing with unexpected output
          • Dealing with missing output
          • Verifying arguments using tee
        • Modifying the Argument List
      • When To Avoid Command Substitution
        • Filenames Containing Special Characters
        • Using xargs Instead of Command Substitution
          • Limitations of xargs
    • 13. Navigating the File System
      • Moving Around
      • Working in Multiple Locations
        • Using cd To Return to the Previous Directory
        • Using the Directory Stack
        • Stack Display Formats
        • Referring to Stack Entries in Command Arguments
        • An Alternative to the Directory Stack
      • Letting the Shell Find Directories for You
        • Limitations of cdpath
      • Using Aliases and Variables To Move Around
        • Moving Around Using Aliases
        • Moving Around Using Variables
        • Combining Aliases and Variables
    • 14. Keeping Track of Where You Are
      • Types of Location Reporting
      • Displaying Your Location in the Prompt
        • Using csh To Display Your Location
          • Using a multiple-line prompt
        • Using tcsh To Display Your Location
      • Display Your Location in the Window Title
        • Communicating with xterm
        • Setting the Window Title in xterm
        • Setting the Window Title in Other Terminal Programs
          • HP-UX hpterm
          • NCSA Telnet for Macintosh
      • Putting It All Together
      • Displaying Other Types of Information
        • Displaying the Username
        • Setting the Window Icon in xterm
    • 15. Job Control
      • Job States
      • Obtaining Job Information
        • Finding Out When Jobs Finish
        • The Current and Previous Jobs
      • Changing a Job's State
        • Stopping a Job
        • Resuming a Job
          • Shorthand forms of fg and bg
        • Killing a Job
          • Killing stubborn Jobs
        • Suspending a Non-Login Shell
      • Other Applications of Job Control
        • Controlling Background Job Output
        • Backgrounding Interactive Jobs
        • Using Job Control To Improve System Response
      • Job Control and Window Systems
  • III. Appendixes
    • A. Obtaining and Installing tcsh
      • Obtaining the Source Distribution
      • Build the DistributionQuick Instructions
      • Build the DistributionDetailed Instructions
        • Overview of the Build Process
        • Choose an Installation Directory
        • Configure the Makefile
        • Configure config.h
        • Configure config_ f.h
        • Compile tcsh
        • Porting tcsh to a New System
      • Testing and Installing tcsh
      • Allowing tcsh To Be a Log in Shell
        • If Your System Does Not Use /etc/shells
    • B. csh and tcsh Quick Reference
      • Command Structure
      • Star tup and Shutdown Files
      • Variables
        • Defining, Removing, and Examining Variables
        • Using Variables
      • Special Characters
        • Special Characters in Filenames
        • Quote Characters
      • Command History
        • History Event Specifiers
        • Word Designators
        • History Modifiers
      • Moving Around the File System
      • Aliases
      • Filename Completion
      • Programmed Completion
      • Job Control
      • Command Editing in tcsh
        • emacs Mode Editing Commands
        • vi Mode Editing Commands
        • The bindkey Command
    • C. Other Sources of Information
      • Documents
      • Newsgroups
      • Mailing Lists
  • Index
  • About the Author
  • Colophon
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