Data Wrangling with Python. Tips and Tools to Make Your Life Easier

Spis treści ebooka

• Preface
  • Who Should Read This Book
  • Who Should Not Read This Book
  • How This Book Is Organized
  • What Is Data Wrangling?
  • What to Do If You Get Stuck
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • Using Code Examples
  • Safari Books Online
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Introduction to Python
  • Why Python
  • Getting Started with Python
    • Which Python Version
    • Setting Up Python on Your Machine
      • Mac OS X
      • Windows 8 and 10
    • Test Driving Python
    • Install pip
    • Install a Code Editor
    • Optional: Install IPython
  • Summary
• 2. Python Basics
  • Basic Data Types
    • Strings
    • Integers and Floats
      • Integers
      • Floats, decimals, and other nonwhole number types
  • Data Containers
    • Variables
    • Lists
    • Dictionaries
  • What Can the Various Data Types Do?
    • String Methods: Things Strings Can Do
    • Numerical Methods: Things Numbers Can Do
    • List Methods: Things Lists Can Do
    • Dictionary Methods: Things Dictionaries Can Do
  • Helpful Tools: type, dir, and help
    • type
    • dir
    • help
  • Putting It All Together
  • What Does It All Mean?
  • Summary
• 3. Data Meant to Be Read by Machines
  • CSV Data
    • How to Import CSV Data
    • Saving the Code to a File; Running from Command Line
  • JSON Data
    • How to Import JSON Data
  • XML Data
    • How to Import XML Data
  • Summary
• 4. Working with Excel Files
  • Installing Python Packages
  • Parsing Excel Files
  • Getting Started with Parsing
  • Summary
• 5. PDFs and Problem Solving in Python
  • Avoid Using PDFs!
  • Programmatic Approaches to PDF Parsing
    • Opening and Reading Using slate
    • Converting PDF to Text
  • Parsing PDFs Using pdfminer
  • Learning How to Solve Problems
    • Exercise: Use Table Extraction, Try a Different Library
    • Exercise: Clean the Data Manually
    • Exercise: Try Another Tool
  • Uncommon File Types
  • Summary
• 6. Acquiring and Storing Data
  • Not All Data Is Created Equal
  • Fact Checking
  • Readability, Cleanliness, and Longevity
  • Where to Find Data
    • Using a Telephone
    • US Government Data
    • Government and Civic Open Data Worldwide
      • EU and UK
      • Africa
      • Asia
      • Non-EU Europe, Central Asia, India, the Middle East, and Russia
      • South America and Canada
    • Organization and Non-Government Organization (NGO) Data
    • Education and University Data
    • Medical and Scientific Data
    • Crowdsourced Data and APIs
  • Case Studies: Example Data Investigation
    • Ebola Crisis
    • Train Safety
    • Football Salaries
    • Child Labor
  • Storing Your Data: When, Why, and How?
  • Databases: A Brief Introduction
    • Relational Databases: MySQL and PostgreSQL
      • MySQL and Python
      • PostgreSQL and Python
    • Non-Relational Databases: NoSQL
      • MongoDB with Python
    • Setting Up Your Local Database with Python
  • When to Use a Simple File
    • Cloud-Storage and Python
    • Local Storage and Python
  • Alternative Data Storage
  • Summary
• 7. Data Cleanup: Investigation, Matching, and Formatting
  • Why Clean Data?
  • Data Cleanup Basics
    • Identifying Values for Data Cleanup
      • Replacing headers
      • Zipping questions and answers
    • Formatting Data
    • Finding Outliers and Bad Data
    • Finding Duplicates
    • Fuzzy Matching
    • RegEx Matching
    • What to Do with Duplicate Records
  • Summary
• 8. Data Cleanup: Standardizing and Scripting
  • Normalizing and Standardizing Your Data
  • Saving Your Data
  • Determining What Data Cleanup Is Right for Your Project
  • Scripting Your Cleanup
  • Testing with New Data
  • Summary
• 9. Data Exploration and Analysis
  • Exploring Your Data
    • Importing Data
    • Exploring Table Functions
    • Joining Numerous Datasets
    • Identifying Correlations
    • Identifying Outliers
    • Creating Groupings
    • Further Exploration
  • Analyzing Your Data
    • Separating and Focusing Your Data
    • What Is Your Data Saying?
    • Drawing Conclusions
    • Documenting Your Conclusions
  • Summary
• 10. Presenting Your Data
  • Avoiding Storytelling Pitfalls
    • How Will You Tell the Story?
    • Know Your Audience
  • Visualizing Your Data
    • Charts
      • Charting with matplotlib
      • Charting with Bokeh
    • Time-Related Data
      • Time series data
      • Timeline data
    • Maps
    • Interactives
    • Words
    • Images, Video, and Illustrations
  • Presentation Tools
  • Publishing Your Data
    • Using Available Sites
      • Medium
      • Easy-to-start sites: WordPress, Squarespace
      • Your own blog
    • Open Source Platforms: Starting a New Site
      • Ghost
      • GitHub Pages and Jekyll
      • One-click deploys
    • Jupyter (Formerly Known as IPython Notebooks)
      • Shared Jupyter notebooks
  • Summary
• 11. Web Scraping: Acquiring and Storing Data from the Web
  • What to Scrape and How
  • Analyzing a Web Page
    • Inspection: Markup Structure
    • Network/Timeline: How the Page Loads
    • Console: Interacting with JavaScript
      • Style basics
      • jQuery and JavaScript
    • In-Depth Analysis of a Page
  • Getting Pages: How to Request on the Internet
  • Reading a Web Page with Beautiful Soup
  • Reading a Web Page with LXML
    • A Case for XPath
  • Summary
• 12. Advanced Web Scraping: Screen Scrapers and Spiders
  • Browser-Based Parsing
    • Screen Reading with Selenium
      • Selenium and headless browsers
    • Screen Reading with Ghost.Py
  • Spidering the Web
    • Building a Spider with Scrapy
    • Crawling Whole Websites with Scrapy
  • Networks: How the Internet Works and Why Its Breaking Your Script
  • The Changing Web (or Why Your Script Broke)
  • A (Few) Word(s) of Caution
  • Summary
• 13. APIs
  • API Features
    • REST Versus Streaming APIs
    • Rate Limits
    • Tiered Data Volumes
    • API Keys and Tokens
      • Creating a Twitter API key and access token
  • A Simple Data Pull from Twitters REST API
  • Advanced Data Collection from Twitters REST API
  • Advanced Data Collection from Twitters Streaming API
  • Summary
• 14. Automation and Scaling
  • Why Automate?
  • Steps to Automate
  • What Could Go Wrong?
  • Where to Automate
  • Special Tools for Automation
    • Using Local Files, argv, and Config Files
      • Local files
      • Config files
      • Command-line arguments
    • Using the Cloud for Data Processing
      • Using Git to deploy Python
    • Using Parallel Processing
    • Using Distributed Processing
  • Simple Automation
    • CronJobs
    • Web Interfaces
    • Jupyter Notebooks
  • Large-Scale Automation
    • Celery: Queue-Based Automation
    • Ansible: Operations Automation
  • Monitoring Your Automation
    • Python Logging
    • Adding Automated Messaging
      • Email
      • SMS and voice
      • Chat integration
    • Uploading and Other Reporting
    • Logging and Monitoring as a Service
      • Logging and exceptions
      • Logging and monitoring
  • No System Is Foolproof
  • Summary
• 15. Conclusion
  • Duties of a Data Wrangler
  • Beyond Data Wrangling
    • Become a Better Data Analyst
    • Become a Better Developer
    • Become a Better Visual Storyteller
    • Become a Better Systems Architect
  • Where Do You Go from Here?
• A. Comparison of Languages Mentioned
  • C, C++, and Java Versus Python
  • R or MATLAB Versus Python
  • HTML Versus Python
  • JavaScript Versus Python
  • Node.js Versus Python
  • Ruby and Ruby on Rails Versus Python
• B. Python Resources for Beginners
  • Online Resources
  • In-Person Groups
• C. Learning the Command Line
  • Bash
    • Navigation
    • Modifying Files
    • Executing Files
    • Searching with the Command Line
    • More Resources
  • Windows CMD/Power Shell
    • Navigation
    • Modifying Files
    • Executing Files
    • Searching with the Command Line
    • More Resources
• D. Advanced Python Setup
  • Step 1: Install GCC
  • Step 2: (Mac Only) Install Homebrew
  • Step 3: (Mac Only) Tell Your System Where to Find Homebrew
  • Step 4: Install Python 2.7
  • Step 5: Install virtualenv (Windows, Mac, Linux)
  • Step 6: Set Up a New Directory
  • Step 7: Install virtualenvwrapper
    • Installing virtualenvwrapper (Mac and Linux)
      • Updating your .bashrc
    • Installing virtualenvwrapper-win (Windows)
    • Testing Your Virtual Environment (Windows, Mac, Linux)
  • Learning About Our New Environment (Windows, Mac, Linux)
  • Advanced Setup Review
• E. Python Gotchas
  • Hail the Whitespace
  • The Dreaded GIL
  • = Versus == Versus is, and When to Just Copy
  • Default Function Arguments
  • Python Scope and Built-Ins: The Importance of Variable Names
  • Defining Objects Versus Modifying Objects
  • Changing Immutable Objects
  • Type Checking
  • Catching Multiple Exceptions
  • The Power of Debugging
• F. IPython Hints
  • Why Use IPython?
  • Getting Started with IPython
  • Magic Functions
  • Final Thoughts: A Simpler Terminal
• G. Using Amazon Web Services
  • Spinning Up an AWS Server
    • AWS Step 1: Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
    • AWS Step 2: Choose an Instance Type
    • AWS Step 7: Review Instance Launch
    • AWS Extra Question: Select an Existing Key Pair or Create a New One
  • Logging into an AWS Server
    • Get the Public DNS Name of the Instance
    • Prepare Your Private Key
    • Log into Your Server
    • Summary
• Index

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