Smaller C

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• Preface
  • How to Use This Book
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • Using Code Examples
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. The ABCs of C
  • Strengths and Weaknesses
  • Getting Started
    • Tools Required
      • Windows
        • GNU tools on Windows
      • macOS
      • Linux
    • Creating a C Hello, World
    • Compiling Your Code
    • Running Your Code
  • Next Steps
• 2. Storing and Stating
  • Statements in C
    • Statement Separators
    • Statement Flow
  • Variables and Types
    • Getting User Input
    • Strings and Characters
      • Special characters
      • Strings
    • Numbers
      • Integer types
      • Floating point types
    • Variable Names
    • Variable Assignments
      • Literals
  • printf() and scanf()
    • printf() Formats
    • Tailored Output
    • scanf() and Parsing Inputs
  • Operators and Expressions
    • Arithmetic Operators
    • Order of Operations
    • Type Casting
  • Next Steps
• 3. Flow of Control
  • Boolean Values
    • Comparison Operators
    • Logical Operators
  • Branching
    • The if Statement
      • else
      • else if chains
      • if gotchas
    • The switch Statement
      • Handling defaults
  • The Ternary Operator and Conditional Assignment
  • Loop Statements
    • The for Statement
      • Increment shortcuts
      • for gotchas
    • The while Statement
    • The do/while Variation
  • Nesting
    • Nested Loops and Tables
    • Variable Scope
  • Exercises
  • Next Steps
• 4. Bits and (Many) Bytes
  • Storing Multiple Things with Arrays
    • Creating and Manipulating Arrays
      • Length versus capacity
      • Initializing arrays
      • Accessing array elements
      • Changing array elements
      • Iterating through arrays
    • Review of Strings
      • Initializing strings
      • Accessing individual characters
    • Multidimensional Arrays
    • Accessing Elements in Multidimensional Arrays
  • Storing Bits
    • Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal
    • Octal and Hexadecimal Literals in C
    • Input and Output of Octal and Hex Values
    • Bitwise Operators
  • Mixing Bits and Bytes
  • Conversion Answers
  • Next Steps
• 5. Functions
  • Familiar Functions
  • Function Flow
  • Simple Functions
  • Sending Information to Functions
    • Passing Simple Types
    • Passing Strings to Functions
    • Multiple Types
    • Exiting a Function
  • Returning Information
    • Using Returned Values
    • Ignoring Returned Values
  • Nested Calls and Recursion
    • Recursive Functions
  • Variable Scope
    • Global Variables
      • Masking global variables
  • The main() Function
    • Return values and main()
    • Command-Line Arguments and main()
  • Next Steps
• 6. Pointers and References
  • Addresses in C
    • The NULL Value and Pointer Errors
    • Arrays
    • Local Variables and the Stack
    • Global Variables and the Heap
  • Pointer Arithmetic
  • Array Pointers
  • Functions and Pointers
  • Managing Memory with Arrays
    • Allocating with malloc()
    • Deallocating with free()
  • C Structures
    • Defining Structures
    • Assigning and Accessing Structure Members
    • Pointers to Structures
    • Functions and Structures
  • Pointer Syntax Recap
  • Next Steps
• 7. Libraries
  • The C Standard Library
    • stdio.h
    • stdlib.h
      • atoi()
      • rand() and srand()
      • exit()
    • string.h
    • math.h
    • time.h
    • ctype.h
  • Putting It Together
    • Filling In Strings
    • Finding Our Interest
  • Finding New Libraries
  • Next Steps
• 8. Real-World C With Arduino
  • Arduino IDE (Win, Mac, Linux)
    • Installing on Windows
    • Installing on macOS
    • Installing on Linux
  • Your First Arduino Project
    • Selecting Your Board
    • Hello, LED!
    • An External LED Upgrade
  • Arduino Libraries
    • Managing Libraries
    • Using Arduino Libraries
  • Arduino Sketches and C++
    • C++ Objects and Variables
    • More Practice with Objects
    • C++ Considerations
    • Object Homework
  • Next Steps
• 9. Smaller Systems
  • The Arduino Environment
    • Special Values
    • Special Types
    • Built-In Functions
    • Trying Out the Arduino Stuff
  • Microcontroller I/O
    • Sensors and Analog Input
    • The Serial Monitor
    • Is It Hot in Here?
    • Segmented Displays
    • Buttons and Digital Input
    • Just How Hot Is It?
  • Memory Management on Arduino
    • Flash (PROGMEM)
      • Storing values in flash
      • Reading values from flash
      • Reading strings from flash
    • SRAM
      • Stacks and heaps
      • Global variables in Arduino
    • EEPROM
    • Remembering Choices
  • Interrupts
    • Interrupt Service Routines
    • Interrupt-Driven Programming
  • Exercises
  • Next Steps
• 10. Faster Code
  • The Setup
  • Floating-Point Versus Integer Math
    • Floating-Point Math Alternatives
    • Integer Math Versus No Math
    • Lookup Tables
    • The Project So Far
  • The Power of Powers of 2
  • Loop Optimizations
    • Unrolling for Fun and Profit
    • Recursion Versus Iteration
  • String Versus char[]
  • Our Final Offer
  • Next Steps
• 11. Custom Libraries
  • Creating Your Own Library
    • Preprocessor Directives
    • Preprocessor Macros
    • Custom Type Definitions
    • Our Car Project
  • Multifile Projects
    • Code (.ino) Files
    • Header Files
  • Importing Custom Libraries
    • Facilitating Communication
    • Retrofitting Our Car
    • Creating a Controller
    • Creating the Library
      • The libraries folder
      • Our radio-control library header
      • Our radio-control library code
    • Updating the Car Project
    • Getting It Under Control
    • Go Driving!
    • Documentation and Distribution
      • Keywords
      • Including examples
      • Sharing online
  • Next Steps
• 12. Next Next Steps
  • Intermediate and Advanced Topics
    • IoT and Arduino
    • Arduino Source Code
  • Other Microcontrollers
  • Industry C/C++
  • Back to the Future
• A. Hardware and Software
  • Getting the Code
  • Getting the Hardware: Adafruit
  • VS Code
  • Arduino IDE
  • Fritzing
  • GNU Compiler Collection
• B. printf() Format Specifier Details
  • Specifier Syntax
    • Specifier Types
    • Specifier Flags
    • Width and Precision
  • Common Formats
• Index

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