Road Accident Victim Transboundary Protection System

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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter I. Road accident risk management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Road safety as public safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.1. Tra& c components as road safety determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2. “Engineering” road safety determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3. “Human” safety determinant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.1. Types of anti-victimisation attitude of road users . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.2.   e impact of victimisation approaches on safety . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.3.3.   e legal measures empowering
anti-victimisation approaches among EU citizens . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2. Road accident risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.1. De# nition of risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2. Risk management model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3. Risk assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.4. Risk control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.5. Risk # nancing and administering the risk management program . . . . . . 47
3. Legal methods of risk management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.1. Legal provisions harmonisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.2. Obligation to insure as an instrument of protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.3. Road accidents in the light of economic analysis of law . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.4. “Weighing” the victim protection
in the interest of motor vehicles holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Chapter II. Internalisation of road accidents costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
1. Pricing methods of the human life value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
1.1. Classi# cation of methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
1.2. Human capital approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
1.3.   e method of willingness to pay (value of a statistical life) . . . . . . . . . 78
1.4. Recovery method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
1.5. Risk – risk analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.   e cost structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.1. Cost classi# cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.2. Costs of road tra& c safety measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.3. Property damages costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.4. Administration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2.5. Lost output (loss of income) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.6. Medical costs and (or) funeral costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.7.   e costs of non-pecuniary damages (human costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3. Road accidents costs pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.1. Cost pricing methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.2. Damages to person classi# cation – proper database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.3. Long-lasting e" ects of road accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chapter III. Institutional road accident victims protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
1. Legal character and way of # nancing of the institutions aiming
at road accident victims protection caused by
a vehicle registered in another Member State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
1.1. Legal character and way of # nancing of the national bureaus . . . . . . . . 141
1.2. Legal character of the correspondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
2. Legal character and way of # nancing of the institutions aiming
at foreign road accident victims protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
2.1. Legal character and way of # nancing
of the representatives for claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
2.2. Legal character of the compensation bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
2.3. Legal character, scope of operations
and way of # nancing of the information centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
3.   e central body as an expression of integrating
the road accident victim protection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4. Guarantee institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.1. Legal character of guarantee institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.2. Guarantee institutions as insurers of last resort –
the scope of competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
4.3.   e method of guarantee institutions # nancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5.   e role of public social security institutions and health care . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

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