Introduction to PHP

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ENGLISH EDITION

CONTENTS:


CHAPTER 1: Introduction to the English edition

What and how can PHP do for us?

What for? To get visitor’s IP, for example

What do I need for beginning?

Embedding PHP code

Comments in PHP

How to use PHP interpreter online

Running PHP from the command line

Command line input (STDIN)

 

CHAPTER 2: PHP variables

Case sensitivity

Error messages and warnings

Data types in PHP

Using constants in PHP

Integer data type

Floating-point numbers

Bool type (Boolean values)

Null type variable and type checking in PHP

Dynamic variables

 

CHAPTER 3: Operators

Arithmetic operators

Assignment operator and combined operators

Pre / post - increment and decrement operators

Comparison operators

Logical operators

Base converting functions and bitwise operators

Operator precedence

Filtering mask with binary operators

 

CHAPTER 4: PHP Arrays, array constructor, array types in PHP

Numeric indexed arrays, runtime array size change

Associative arrays and string arrays

Character strings as 1D array

Mixed arrays

Multi-dimensional arrays, hash table

Array elements can be sorted

Internal pointer and some useful functions

 

CHAPTER 5: If we need conditional statements or loops

If statement (if-elseif-else) and switch-case statement

The while and do-while loops

The for and foreach loops

The break, continue and goto keywords

 

CHAPTER 6: PHP functions

Argument passing by value and using default values

Variable argument list

Argument passing by reference

Returning an array or modifying values by reference

Locals vs. globals

Math functions

Searching and sorting

Quick binary search

PHP runtime-created functions

Date and time

 

CHAPTER 7: Object oriented programming in PHP

Properties

Creating an object (a class new instance)

Constructor

Destructor

Included and required file(s)

An ERROR in PHP5 discovered

BC Math functions vs. PHP operators

 

PHP is one of the world’s most popular programming languages for web programming. If you work in the cloud, you can create, test and deploy your PHP projects from your browser using cloud IDEs.

PHP is like C and C++, but interpreted (not compiled) server-side universal programming language (named also the server scripting language) used for dynamic websites and interactive web applications. What is a PHP File?

* PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code.

* PHP codes are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML.

* PHP files have extension *.php (* = file name, php = reserved extension).

* So named pure PHP files contain PHP codes only (without HTML, JavaScript, CSS).

In contrast with static HTML sites, PHP sites are dynamically generated. Instead of the site containing a large number of static HTML files, a PHP-based site may consist of only a few template files (even Single PHP pages are in use). With PHP we are not limited to output HTML. We can output images, PDF files and Flash movies or any text, such as XHTML or XML. Even all HTML code can be dynamically generated by pure PHP files.

PHP is universal programming language so it is the The Functionally Complete System like C++ or C#. In each Functionally Complete System we can implement all tasks and all algorithms which belong to certain category. But we know that sometimes it is easier and sometimes it could be more difficult and complicated. Take it easy. PHP is a convenient and effective programming tool. That is why PHP is so popular and so commonly used. Using ready to use native built-in functions in PHP you can easy implement the following.

* PHP runs on various platforms (Unix, Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, so on)

* PHP is compatible with almost all servers available (IIS, Apache, so on)

* PHP supports a wide range of databases

* PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on the server

* PHP can send and receive cookies

* PHP can collect form data and add, delete, modify data in our database

* PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website

* PHP can encrypt data

* PHP can compress and decompress data

* PHP comes with an extension called SimpleXML to share data and to format data into structures

* Associative and mixed multidimensional arrays allow implementing easy data records, data structures and database queries.

* Another way to implement data structures / data records in PHP is using classes or parallel arrays.

PHP was originally developed in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf to replace a set of Perl scripts He had been using to maintain his web site. The acronym originally stood for Personal Home Page, but when he released a version to the public the following year it was recursively retitled PHP: Hypertext Processor. Since 1995 PHP has evolved from a simple scripting language to a fully featured web programming language. The official implementation is now released by The PHP Group, with PHP 5.5.6 being the most recent version (released: 14 Nov 2013). The language is open source, allowing developers to extend it for their own use. PHP is the most popular server-side programming language used today. One of the reasons (and the most important one) is its platform independence. PHP has simple-to-use syntax based on C and Perl, which is easy to learn for a newcomer and for C/C++ programmers.

PHP is developed as a project of the Apache Software Foundation - thus, it works best with Apache. PHP also works properly with Microsoft IIS/PWS, iPlanet, and others.

When creating websites using PHP a Content Management System (CMS) is generalny considered and used. A CMS tool provides a fully integrated platform for website development consisting of a backend and a frontend.

* The frontend is what visitors see when they arrive to the site,

* The backend is where the site may be configured, updated and managed by an administrator.

The most popular examples of free PHP-based CMS tools include WordPress, Joomla, ModX and Drupal.

Many www programmers want to know first who their visitor is. It is simple to get the visitor's IP in PHP, just using the $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] variable.

print 'Your IP is: '. $ip; ?>

If the code above returns the IP of the server, there is also another way. This function returns the visitor IP (even if the $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] contains the server IP) because it gets the IP from $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'].

 if (array_key_exists('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', $_SERVER))

{ $x = array_pop(explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])); }

return ($x); } $www = get_IP(); print $www; ?>

This is a short and simple (but a little exciting) example of PHP power. I would like to show you at the beginning that PHP really can be interesting and useful in practice for many of us.

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