Basics of Electrical Engineering, Electrotechnics, Electronics and Electric Machines

Spis treści ebooka

Introduction 7

Part I

Electrotechnics 9

1. DC Current Linear Circuits 11

1.1. Definitions & Terminology 11

1.2. Electrostatic Field 24

2. Electromagnetic circuits 28

3. Time Domain Circuit Analysis 48

4. Alternating Sinusoidal Current 68

5. Three-phase electric power 82

Part II

Electronics 85

1. Semiconductor devices 87

1.1. Diode 87

1.2. Thyristor (SCR) 91

1.3. Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 94

2. Rectifiers 98

2.1. Half wave rectifier 98

2.2. Full wave rectifier with centre-tapped transformer 99

2.3. Full wave bridge rectifier 100

2.4. Controlled rectifiers 101

2.5. Three-phase uncontrolled bridge rectifier 101

3. Amplifier 103

3.1. Gain of amplifier 104

3.2. Frequency response and phase shift 105

3.3. Basic BJT amplifier 106

3.4. Basic BJT amplifi er configurations 108

3.5. Feedback of amplifier 110

3.6. Operational amplifiers (op-amp) 111

4. Signal generator 114

Part III

Electric Machines 117

Non-rotating Electric Machines 119

1. The basics of sinusoidal AC current harmonics generation 119

2. Oscillating and rotating electromagnetic field 122

3. AC induction machine – transformer 127

3.1. Idle state of transformer 129

3.2. The load condition of transformer 130

3.3. The simplified equivalent scheme and vector diagram for transformer’s short circuit 133

3.4. Power and efficiency of transformer 134

3.5. The three-phase transformer 135

Rotating Electric Machines 136

1. AC Induction Motor 136

1.1. Construction of 3-phase AC induction motor 136

1.2. Principles of operation 139

1.3. The transformation ratio of AC induction motor 141

1.4. Rotor and stator currents 142

1.5. The rotating torque of AC induction motor – electromagnetic torque 143

1.5.1. Electromagnetic torque 143

1.5.2. Rotating torque 144

1.6. Dependence of electromagnetic torque on stator supplying voltage 146

1.7. Maximum value of electromagnetic torque 147

1.8. Electromagnetic torque and its maximal value quotient 148

1.9. Standard torque-speed-slip curves 148

1.10. Single-phase AC induction motor 150

1.11. Slip ring motor 151

1.12. Basics of AC induction motor’s torque-speed control 151

1.13. Discussion of torque-slip and torque-speed curves for 2-quarter AC induction motor operation 154

2. Direct Current (DC) Motor 157

2.1. DC motor basics 157

2.2. DC motor basic voltage/torque equations 161

2.3. The generating mode of DC motor 165

2.4. Main mechanical characteristics of DC motors 167

2.4.1. Self-excited DC motor 167

2.4.2. Series DC motor 169

2.5. Torque/speed control of DC motor 171

2.6. Separately excited DC motor dynamic analysis 175

3. Conventional Synchronous Machine 178

3.1. Synchronous motor 179

3.2. Starting synchronous motor powered by a grid – machine synchronization 181

3.3. The power factor 182

3.4. PM synchronous Motor 183

3.4.1. Operating Principles and Construction Evolution 183

3.4.2. Converter circuits 186

3.5. PM brushless DC motor (BLDC) 190

3.6. Automotive alternators 192

References 195

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