Terraform: Up and Running. 3rd Edition

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• Preface
  • Who Should Read This Book
  • Why I Wrote This Book
  • What You Will Find in This Book
  • Changes from the Second Edition to the Third Edition
  • Changes from the First Edition to the Second Edition
  • What You Wont Find in This Book
  • Open Source Code Examples
  • Using the Code Examples
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact OReilly Media
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Why Terraform
  • What Is DevOps?
  • What Is Infrastructure as Code?
    • Ad Hoc Scripts
    • Configuration Management Tools
    • Server Templating Tools
    • Orchestration Tools
    • Provisioning Tools
  • What Are the Benefits of Infrastructure as Code?
  • How Does Terraform Work?
  • How Does Terraform Compare to Other IaC Tools?
    • Configuration Management Versus Provisioning
    • Mutable Infrastructure Versus Immutable Infrastructure
    • Procedural Language Versus Declarative Language
    • General-Purpose Language Versus Domain-Specific Language
    • Master Versus Masterless
    • Agent Versus Agentless
    • Paid Versus Free Offering
    • Large Community Versus Small Community
    • Mature Versus Cutting Edge
    • Use of Multiple Tools Together
      • Provisioning plus configuration management
      • Provisioning plus server templating
      • Provisioning plus server templating plus orchestration
  • Conclusion
• 2. Getting Started with Terraform
  • Setting Up Your AWS Account
  • Installing Terraform
  • Deploying a Single Server
  • Deploying a Single Web Server
  • Deploying a Configurable Web Server
  • Deploying a Cluster of Web Servers
  • Deploying a Load Balancer
  • Cleanup
  • Conclusion
• 3. How to Manage Terraform State
  • What Is Terraform State?
  • Shared Storage for State Files
  • Limitations with Terraforms Backends
  • State File Isolation
    • Isolation via Workspaces
    • Isolation via File Layout
  • The terraform_remote_state Data Source
  • Conclusion
• 4. How to Create Reusable Infrastructure with Terraform Modules
  • Module Basics
  • Module Inputs
  • Module Locals
  • Module Outputs
  • Module Gotchas
    • File Paths
    • Inline Blocks
  • Module Versioning
  • Conclusion
• 5. Terraform Tips and Tricks: Loops, If-Statements, Deployment, and Gotchas
  • Loops
    • Loops with the count Parameter
    • Loops with for_each Expressions
    • Loops with for Expressions
    • Loops with the for String Directive
  • Conditionals
    • Conditionals with the count Parameter
      • If-statements with the count parameter
      • If-else-statements with the count parameter
    • Conditionals with for_each and for Expressions
    • Conditionals with the if String Directive
  • Zero-Downtime Deployment
  • Terraform Gotchas
    • count and for_each Have Limitations
    • Zero-Downtime Deployment Has Limitations
    • Valid Plans Can Fail
    • Refactoring Can Be Tricky
  • Conclusion
• 6. Managing Secrets with Terraform
  • Secret Management Basics
  • Secret Management Tools
    • The Types of Secrets You Store
    • The Way You Store Secrets
    • The Interface You Use to Access Secrets
    • A Comparison of Secret Management Tools
  • Secret Management Tools with Terraform
    • Providers
      • Human users
      • Machine users
        • CircleCI as a CI server, with stored secrets
        • EC2 Instance running Jenkins as a CI server, with IAM roles
        • GitHub Actions as a CI server, with OIDC
    • Resources and Data Sources
      • Environment variables
      • Encrypted files
      • Secret stores
    • State Files and Plan Files
      • State files
      • Plan files
  • Conclusion
• 7. Working with Multiple Providers
  • Working with One Provider
    • What Is a Provider?
    • How Do You Install Providers?
    • How Do You Use Providers?
  • Working with Multiple Copies of the Same Provider
    • Working with Multiple AWS Regions
    • Working with Multiple AWS Accounts
    • Creating Modules That Can Work with Multiple Providers
  • Working with Multiple Different Providers
    • A Crash Course on Docker
    • A Crash Course on Kubernetes
    • Deploying Docker Containers in AWS Using Elastic Kubernetes Service
  • Conclusion
• 8. Production-Grade Terraform Code
  • Why It Takes So Long to Build Production-Grade Infrastructure
  • The Production-Grade Infrastructure Checklist
  • Production-Grade Infrastructure Modules
    • Small Modules
    • Composable Modules
    • Testable Modules
      • Validations
      • Preconditions and postconditions
      • When to use validations, preconditions, and postconditions
    • Versioned Modules
    • Beyond Terraform Modules
      • Provisioners
      • Provisioners with null_resource
      • External data source
  • Conclusion
• 9. How to Test Terraform Code
  • Manual Tests
    • Manual Testing Basics
    • Cleaning Up After Tests
  • Automated Tests
    • Unit Tests
      • Unit testing Terraform code
      • Dependency injection
      • Running tests in parallel
    • Integration Tests
      • Test stages
      • Retries
    • End-to-End Tests
    • Other Testing Approaches
      • Static analysis
      • Plan testing
      • Server testing
  • Conclusion
• 10. How to Use Terraform as a Team
  • Adopting IaC in Your Team
    • Convince Your Boss
    • Work Incrementally
    • Give Your Team the Time to Learn
  • A Workflow for Deploying Application Code
    • Use Version Control
    • Run the Code Locally
    • Make Code Changes
    • Submit Changes for Review
    • Run Automated Tests
    • Merge and Release
    • Deploy
      • Deployment tooling
      • Deployment strategies
      • Deployment server
      • Promotion across environments
  • A Workflow for Deploying Infrastructure Code
    • Use Version Control
      • Live repo and modules repo
      • The Golden Rule of Terraform
      • The trouble with branches
    • Run the Code Locally
    • Make Code Changes
    • Submit Changes for Review
      • Documentation
      • Automated tests
      • File layout
      • Style guide
    • Run Automated Tests
    • Merge and Release
    • Deploy
      • Deployment tooling
      • Deployment strategies
      • Deployment server
      • Promote artifacts across environments
  • Putting It All Together
  • Conclusion
• A. Recommended Reading
  • Books
  • Blogs
  • Talks
  • Newsletters
  • Online Forums
• Index

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