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			<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Quality (philosophy)</h1>
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				<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">This article is about quality in the philosophical sense.  For other uses, see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_(disambiguation)" title="Quality (disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect">Quality (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p>A <b>quality</b> (from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>qualitas</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> is an attribute or a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_(philosophy)" title="Property (philosophy)">property</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cargile.2C_1995_2-0" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-Cargile.2C_1995-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_philosophy" title="Contemporary philosophy">contemporary philosophy</a> the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea" title="Idea">idea</a> of qualities, and especially how to distinguish certain kinds of qualities from one another, remains controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-Cargile.2C_1995_2-1" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-Cargile.2C_1995-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality_(philosophy)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_(philosophy)" title="Property (philosophy)">Property (philosophy)</a></div>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> analyzed qualities in his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logical</a> work, the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categories_(Aristotle)" title="Categories (Aristotle)">Categories</a></i>. To him, qualities are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylomorphic" title="Hylomorphic" class="mw-redirect">hylomorphically</a>–formal attributes, such as "white" or "grammatical". Categories of <i>state</i>, such as "shod" and "armed" are also non–<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_property" title="Essential property" class="mw-redirect">essential</a> qualities <i>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumbebekos" title="Sumbebekos" class="mw-redirect">katà symbebekós</a>)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_Cat_70_3-0" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-MIT_Cat_70-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Aristotle observed: "one and the selfsame substance, while retaining its identity, is yet capable of admitting contrary qualities. The same individual person is at one time white, at another black, at one time warm, at another cold, at one time good, at another bad. This capacity is found nowhere else... it is the peculiar mark of substance that it should be capable of admitting contrary qualities; for it is by itself changing that it does so".<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_Cat_254_4-0" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-MIT_Cat_254-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Aristotle described four types of qualitative opposites: <i>correlatives,</i> <i>contraries,</i> <i>privatives</i> and <i>positives.</i><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> presented a distinction between primary and secondary qualities in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding" title="An Essay Concerning Human Understanding">An Essay Concerning Human Understanding</a></i>. For Locke, a quality is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea" title="Idea">idea</a> of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensation_(psychology)" title="Sensation (psychology)">sensation</a> or a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perception</a>. Locke further asserts that qualities can be divided in two kinds: primary and secondary qualities. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_qualities" title="Primary qualities" class="mw-redirect">Primary qualities</a> are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic" title="Intrinsic" class="mw-redirect">intrinsic</a> to an object—a thing or a person—whereas <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_qualities" title="Secondary qualities" class="mw-redirect">secondary qualities</a> are dependent on the interpretation of the subjective mode and the context of appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-Cargile.2C_1995_2-2" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-Cargile.2C_1995-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> For example, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow" title="Shadow">shadow</a> is a secondary quality. It requires a certain <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light" title="Light">lighting</a> to be applied to an object. For another example, consider the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> of an object. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">Weight</a> is a secondary quality since, as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">measurement</a> of gravitational <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a>, it varies depending on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance" title="Distance">distance</a> to, and mass of, very massive objects like the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, as described by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation" title="Newton's law of universal gravitation">Newton's law</a>. It could be thought that mass is intrinsic to an object, and thus a primary quality. In the context of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">relativity</a>, the idea of mass quantifying an amount of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter#Relativity" title="Matter">matter</a> requires caution. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_mass" title="Relativistic mass" class="mw-redirect">relativistic mass</a> varies for variously traveling observers; then there is the idea of rest mass or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass" title="Invariant mass">invariant mass</a> (the magnitude of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-momentum" title="Four-momentum">energy-momentum 4-vector</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup>), basically a system's relativistic mass in its own <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rest_frame" title="Rest frame">rest frame</a> of reference. (Note, however, that Aristotle drew a distinction between qualification and quantification; a thing's quality can vary in degree).<sup id="cite_ref-studman_2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-studman_2007-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Only an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_system" title="Isolated system">isolated system</a>'s invariant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_general_relativity" title="Mass in general relativity">mass in relativity</a> is the same as observed in variously traveling observers' rest frames, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserved_quantity" title="Conserved quantity">conserved</a> in reactions; moreover, a system's heat, including the energy of its massless particles such as photons, contributes to the system's invariant mass (indeed, otherwise even an isolated system's invariant mass would not be conserved in reactions); even a cloud of photons traveling in different directions has, as a whole, a rest frame and a rest energy equivalent to invariant mass.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Thus, to treat rest mass (and by that stroke, rest energy) as an intrinsic quality distinctive of physical matter raises the question of what is to count as physical matter. Little of the invariant mass of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">hadron</a> (for example a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> or a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>) consists in the invariant masses of its component <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a> (in a proton, around 1%) apart from their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theory" title="Quantum field theory">particle fields</a>; most of it consists in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics_binding_energy" title="Quantum chromodynamics binding energy" class="mw-redirect">quantum chromodynamics binding energy</a> of the (massless) gluons (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark#Mass" title="Quark">Quark#Mass</a>).</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Conceptions_of_quality_as_metaphysical_and_ontological">Conceptions of quality as metaphysical and ontological</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality_(philosophy)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Conceptions of quality as metaphysical and ontological">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></div>
<p><a href="Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_sense" title="Common sense">common sense</a> tend to see qualities as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relate" title="Relate">related</a> either to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity" title="Subjectivity">subjective</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">feelings</a> or to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_(philosophy)" title="Objectivity (philosophy)">objective</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact" title="Fact">facts</a>. The qualities of something depends on the criteria being applied to and, from a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrality_(philosophy)" title="Neutrality (philosophy)">neutral point of view</a>, do not determine its value (the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_value" title="Philosophical value" class="mw-redirect">philosophical value</a> as well as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_value" title="Economic value" class="mw-redirect">economic value</a>). Subjectively, something might be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_of_the_good" title="Form of the good" class="mw-redirect">good</a> because it is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility" title="Utility">useful</a>, because it is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">beautiful</a>, or simply because it <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence" title="Existence">exists</a>. Determining or finding qualities therefore involves <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understanding" title="Understanding">understanding</a> what is useful, what is beautiful and what exists. Commonly, <i>quality</i> can mean degree of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excellence" title="Excellence">excellence</a>, as in, "a quality product" or "work of average quality". It can also refer to a property of something such as "the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addictive" title="Addictive" class="mw-redirect">addictive</a> quality of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> In his book, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_and_the_Art_of_Motorcycle_Maintenance" title="Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance">Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance</a></i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Pirsig" title="Robert M. Pirsig">Robert M. Pirsig</a> examines concepts of quality in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">classical</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a>, seeking a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics_of_Quality" title="Metaphysics of Quality" class="mw-redirect">Metaphysics of Quality</a> and a reconciliation of those views in terms of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-dualism" title="Non-dualism" class="mw-redirect">non-dualistic</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">holism</a>.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality_(philosophy)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morwood, J. (Ed.) (1995). <i>The Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary.</i> Oxford</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Cargile.2C_1995-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-Cargile.2C_1995_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-Cargile.2C_1995_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-Cargile.2C_1995_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cargile, J. (1995). qualities. in Honderich, T. (Ed.) (2005). <i>The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-MIT_Cat_70-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-MIT_Cat_70_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Edghill, E.M. trans. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/categories.1.1.html#70">"The Internet Classics Archive – Aristotle <i>Categories</i>"</a>. MIT.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuality+%28philosophy%29&amp;rft.au=Edghill%2C+E.M.+trans.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Internet+Classics+Archive+%93+Aristotle+Categories&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassics.mit.edu%2FAristotle%2Fcategories.1.1.html%2370&amp;rft.pub=MIT&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> line 70.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-MIT_Cat_254-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-MIT_Cat_254_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Edghill, E.M. trans. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/categories.1.1.html#254">"The Internet Classics Archive – Aristotle <i>Categories</i>"</a>. MIT.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuality+%28philosophy%29&amp;rft.au=Edghill%2C+E.M.+trans.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Internet+Classics+Archive+%93+Aristotle+Categories&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassics.mit.edu%2FAristotle%2Fcategories.1.1.html%23254&amp;rft.pub=MIT&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> line 254.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Edghill, E.M. trans. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/categories.3.3.html#254">"The Internet Classics Archive – Aristotle <i>Categories</i>"</a>. MIT.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuality+%28philosophy%29&amp;rft.au=Edghill%2C+E.M.+trans.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Internet+Classics+Archive+%93+Aristotle+Categories&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassics.mit.edu%2FAristotle%2Fcategories.3.3.html%23254&amp;rft.pub=MIT&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> line 28.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_F._Taylor" title="Edwin F. Taylor">Taylor, Edwin F.</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">Wheeler, John Archibald</a>, <i>Spacetime Physics</i>, 2nd edition, 1991, p. 195.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-studman_2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-studman_2007_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Studtmann,P. (2007). Zalta, E.N., ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-categories/#Quality">"Aristotle's Categories"</a>. Stanford: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <q>[Regarding] <i>Habits and Dispositions; Natural Capabilities and Incapabilities; Affective Qualities and Affections;</i> and <i>Shapes;</i> [...] Ackrill finds Aristotle's division of quality at best unmotivated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuality+%28philosophy%29&amp;rft.au=Studtmann%2CP.&amp;rft.btitle=Aristotle%27s+Categories&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Faristotle-categories%2F%23Quality&amp;rft.place=Stanford&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_F._Taylor" title="Edwin F. Taylor">Taylor, Edwin F.</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">Wheeler, John Archibald</a>, <i>Spacetime Physics</i>, 2nd edition, 1991, pp. 226-227 and 232-233.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="Quality_(philosophy)#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Reese, William L. (1996). <i>Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion</i>. Prometheus Books. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57392-621-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57392-621-8">978-1-57392-621-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuality+%28philosophy%29&amp;rft.aufirst=William+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Reese&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Philosophy+and+Religion&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57392-621-8&amp;rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_St%C3%B6hr" title="Adolph Stöhr">Adolph Stöhr</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dummett" title="Michael Dummett">Michael Dummett</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Malet_Armstrong" title="David Malet Armstrong">David Malet Armstrong</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga" title="Alvin Plantinga">Alvin Plantinga</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Parfit" title="Derek Parfit">Derek Parfit</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirsig%27s_metaphysics_of_Quality" title="Pirsig's metaphysics of Quality">Pirsig's metaphysics of Quality</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_idealism" title="Platonic idealism">Platonic idealism</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_and_concrete" title="Abstract and concrete">Abstract object</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memetics" title="Memetics">Memetics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_representation" title="Mental representation">Mental representation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Mind</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_(physics)" title="Motion (physics)">Motion</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity" title="Necessity">Necessity</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notion_(philosophy)" title="Notion (philosophy)">Notion</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(philosophy)" title="Object (philosophy)">Object</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern" title="Pattern">Pattern</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_body" title="Physical body">Physical body</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle" title="Principle">Principle</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_(philosophy)" title="Property (philosophy)">Property</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li>
<li><strong class="selflink">Quality</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">Reality</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(philosophy)" title="Subject (philosophy)">Subject</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantial_form" title="Substantial form">Substantial form</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought" title="Thought">Thought</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">Truth</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%E2%80%93token_distinction" title="Type–token distinction">Type–token distinction</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_(metaphysics)" title="Universal (metaphysics)">Universal</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unobservable" title="Unobservable">Unobservable</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_(ethics)" title="Value (ethics)">Value</a></li>
<li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_metaphysics_articles" title="Index of metaphysics articles">more ...</a></i></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiology" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">Cosmology</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta" title="Meta">Meta-</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_space_and_time" title="Philosophy of space and time">Philosophy of space and time</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleology" title="Teleology">Teleology</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">Theoretical physics</a></li>
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