Explicitation in Simultaneous Interpreting. A Study into Explicitating Behaviour of Trainee Interpreters

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Contents

 

List of abbreviations / 9

Introduction / 11

 

PART ONE Theoretical background and research methodology

Chapter 1. Explicitation / 19

1.1 Defining explicitation / 20

1.1.1 Definitions of explicitation in previous research / 20

1.1.2 Language independence of explicitation / 23

1.1.3 Explicitation versus addition, amplification, and overtranslation / 28

1.1.4 Explicitness and implicitness / 32

1.2 Taxonomies of explicitation / 38

1.2.1 Séguinot’s addition and specification / 38

1.2.2 Klaudy’s causal typology / 39

1.2.3 Vehmas-Lehto’s category of over-explicitation / 42

1.2.4 Klaudy and Károly’s transfer operations / 43

1.2.5 Perego’s types and forms of explicitation / 45

1.2.6 Kamenická’s and Hopkinson’s functional classifications / 47

1.2.7 Pápai’s explicitation strategies / 50

1.2.8 Murtisari’s scalar and categorical explicitation / 51

1.3 Research methods and frameworks / 52

1.4 Causes of explicitation / 57

1.5 Explicitation as a translation universal / 63

Chapter 2. Explicitation and its surface manifestations / 66

2.1 Adding connectives / 70

2.2 Intensifying cohesive ties / 74

2.3 Lexicalisation of pro-forms / 75

2.4 Reiteration / 77

2.5 Filling out elliptical constructions / 79

2.6 Adding modifiers and qualifiers / 81

2.7 Inserting hedges and discourse organising items / 83

2.8 Explicitating shifts involving proper names / 84

2.9 Including additional explanatory remarks and providing full forms for

abbreviations / 87

2.10 Replacing nominalisations with verb phrases / 90

2.11 Disambiguating lexical metaphors / 94

2.12 Lexical specification / 96

2.13 Meaning specification / 98

Chapter 3. Research methodology / 99

3.1 Aims and research questions / 99

3.2 Research design / 101

3.2.1 Method / 101

3.2.2 Participants / 105

3.2.3 Corpus / 106

3.2.4 The experimental procedure / 108

3.3 Taxonomy of surface manifestations of explicitation / 111

3.4 Conceptual framework / 114

3.4.1 The Time Constraint / 117

3.4.2 The Linearity Constraint / 125

3.4.3 The (Un)shared Knowledge Constraint / 132

3.4.4 The Memory Load Constraint / 136

 

PART TWO Analysis

Chapter 4. Explicitation and strategy / 143

4.1 Working definition of strategy in simultaneous interpreting / 143

4.2 Previous research / 145

4.3 Analysis / 146

4.3.1 Adding connectives / 154

4.3.2 Intensifying cohesive ties / 159

4.3.3 Lexicalisation of pro-forms / 161

4.3.4 Reiteration / 165

4.3.5 Filling out elliptical constructions / 174

4.3.6 Adding modifiers and qualifiers / 177

4.3.7 Inserting hedges and discourse organising items / 184

4.3.8 Shifts involving proper names and abbreviations / 187

4.3.9 Including additional explanatory remarks / 195

4.3.10 Replacing nominalisations with verb phrases / 199

4.3.11 Disambiguating lexical metaphors / 202

4.3.12 Lexical specification / 205

4.3.13 Meaning specification / 211

Chapter 5. Explicitation and directionality / 220

5.1 Directionality in interpreting / 220

5.2 The pilot study / 224

5.3 Analysis / 227

5.3.1 Adding connectives / 230

5.3.2 Reiteration / 232

5.3.3 Adding modifiers and qualifiers / 236

5.3.4 Disambiguating lexical metaphors / 239

5.3.5 Meaning specification / 240

5.4 Correlation with the results of the survey on directionality / 243

Chapter 6. Explicitation and interpreting style / 252

6.1 Translator and interpreter style / 252

6.2 Relating explicitation to translator and interpreter style / 255

6.3 Analysing interpreter explicitating style – methodological considerations / 257

6.4 Analysis / 260

6.4.1 Frequency / 260

6.4.2 Consistency / 263

6.4.3 Distinctiveness / 270

 

Conclusions / 281

Appendices

Appendix 1: The frequency of explicitating shifts for each of the 120 participants / 285

Appendix 2: Surface forms of all shifts (reported and unreported) / 288

Appendix 3: Surface forms of reported shifts / 294

Appendix 4: The number of all retrospective comments verbalised by the

participants / 300

Appendix 5: Reasons for explicitation reported by the participants in retrospective

protocols / 304

 

References / 305

Streszczenie / 325

Resumen / 329

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