Think Perl 6. How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

Spis treści ebooka

• Preface
  • The Aim of This Book
  • The History of This Book
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Using Code Examples
    • OReilly Safari
    • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contributor List
• I. Starting with the Basics
• 1. The Way of the Program
  • What Is a Program?
  • Running Perl 6
  • The First Program
  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Values and Types
  • Formal and Natural Languages
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 2. Variables, Expressions, and Statements
  • Assignment Statements
  • Variable Names
  • Expressions and Statements
  • Script Mode
  • One-Liner Mode
  • Order of Operations
  • String Operations
  • Comments
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 3. Functions
  • Function Calls
  • Functions and Methods
  • Math Functions
  • Composition
  • Adding New Functions (a.k.a. Subroutines)
  • Definitions and Uses
  • Flow of Execution
  • Parameters and Arguments
  • Variables and Parameters Are Local
  • Stack Diagrams
  • Fruitful Functions and Void Functions
  • Function Signatures
  • Immutable and Mutable Parameters
  • Functions and Subroutines as First-Class Citizens
  • Why Functions and Subroutines?
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 4. Loops, Conditionals, and Recursion
  • Integer Division and Modulo
  • Boolean expressions
  • Logical Operators
  • Conditional Execution
  • Alternative Execution
  • Chained Conditionals
  • Nested Conditionals
  • if Conditionals as Statement Modifiers
  • Unless Conditional Statement
  • for Loops
  • Recursion
  • Stack Diagrams for Recursive Subroutines
  • Infinite Recursion
  • Keyboard Input
  • Program Arguments and the MAIN Subroutine
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 5. Fruitful Subroutines
  • Return Values
  • Incremental Development
  • Composition
  • Boolean Functions
  • A Complete Programming Language
  • More Recursion
  • Leap of Faith
  • One More Example
  • Checking Types
  • Multi Subroutines
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 6. Iteration
  • Assignment Versus Equality
  • Reassignment
  • Updating Variables
  • The while Statement
  • Local Variables and Variable Scoping
  • Control Flow Statements (last, next, etc.)
  • Square Roots
  • Algorithms
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 7. Strings
  • A String Is a Sequence
  • Common String Operators
    • String Length
    • Searching for a Substring Within the String
    • Extracting a Substring from a String
    • A Few Other Useful String Functions or Methods
      • flip
      • split
      • String concatenation
      • Splitting on words
      • join
      • Changing the case
  • String Traversal with a while or for Loop
  • Looping and Counting
  • Regular Expressions (Regexes)
  • Using Regexes
  • Building your Regex Patterns
    • Literal Matching
    • Wildcards and Character Classes
    • Quantifiers
    • Anchors and Assertions
      • Anchors
      • Look-around assertions
      • Code assertions
    • Alternation
    • Grouping and Capturing
    • Adverbs (a.k.a. Modifiers)
    • Exercises on Regexes
  • Putting It All Together
    • Extracting Dates
    • Extracting an IP Address
  • Substitutions
    • The subst Method
    • The s/search/replace/ Construct
    • Using Captures
    • Adverbs
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 8. Case Study: Word Play
  • Reading from and Writing to Files
  • Reading Word Lists
  • Exercises
  • Search
    • Words Longer Than 20 Characters (Solution)
    • Words with No e (Solution)
    • Avoiding Other Letters (Solution)
    • Using Only Some Letters (Solution)
    • Using All Letters of a List (Solution)
    • Alphabetic Order (Solution)
    • Another Example of Reduction to a Previously Solved Problem
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 9. Arrays and Lists
  • Lists and Arrays Are Sequences
  • Arrays Are Mutable
  • Adding New Elements to an Array or Removing Some
  • Stacks and Queues
  • Other Ways to Modify an Array
  • Traversing a List
  • New Looping Constructs
  • Map, Filter, and Reduce
    • Reducing a List to a Value
    • The Reduction Metaoperator
    • Mapping a List to Another List
    • Filtering the Elements of a List
    • Higher-Order Functions and Functional Programming
  • Fixed-Size, Typed, and Shaped Arrays
  • Multidimensional Arrays
  • Sorting Arrays or Lists
  • More Advanced Sorting Techniques
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 10. Hashes
  • A Hash Is a Mapping
  • Common Operations on Hashes
  • Hash as a Collection of Counters
  • Looping and Hashes
  • Reverse Lookup
  • Testing for Existence
  • Hash Keys Are Unique
  • Hashes and Arrays
  • Memos
  • Hashes as Dispatch Tables
  • Global Variables
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises
• 11. Case Study: Data Structure Selection
  • The Ternary Conditional Operator
  • The given ... when Switch Statement
  • Subroutine Named and Optional Parameters
    • Named Parameters
    • Optional Parameters
  • Word Frequency Analysis
  • Random Numbers
  • Word Histogram
  • Most Common Words
  • Optional Parameters
  • Hash Subtraction
  • Constructing New Operators
  • Sets, Bags, and Mixes
  • Random Words
  • Markov Analysis
  • Data Structures
  • Building Your Own Data Structures
    • Linked Lists
    • Trees
    • Binary Heaps
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercises: Huffman Coding
    • Variable-Length Codes
    • The Frequency Table
    • Building the Huffman Code
• II. Moving Forward
• 12. Classes and Objects
  • Objects, Methods, and Object-Oriented Programming
  • Programmer-Defined Types
  • Attributes
  • Creating Methods
  • Rectangles and Object Composition
  • Instances as Return Values
  • Inheritance
    • The Pixel Class
    • The MovablePoint Class
    • Multiple Inheritance: Attractive, but Is It Wise?
  • Roles and Composition
    • Classes and Roles: An Example
    • Role Composition and Code Reuse
    • Roles, Classes, Objects, and Types
  • Method Delegation
  • Polymorphism
  • Encapsulation
    • Private Methods
    • Constructing Objects with Private Attributes
  • Interface and Implementation
  • Object-Oriented Programming: A Tale
    • The Fable of the Shepherd
    • The Moral
      • Delegation
      • Encapsulation
      • Polymorphism
  • Debugging
    • The Perl 6 Debugger
    • Getting Some Help
    • Stepping Through the Code
    • Stopping at the Right Place with Breakpoints
      • Youre all set to start using the debugger
    • Logging Information with Trace Points
    • Stepping Through a Regex Match
  • Glossary
• 13. Regexes and Grammars
  • A Brief Refresher
  • Declarative Programming
  • Captures
  • Named Rules (a.k.a. Subrules)
  • Grammars
  • Grammar Inheritance
  • Actions Objects
  • A Grammar for Parsing JSON
    • The JSON Format
    • Our JSON Sample
    • Writing the JSON Grammar Step by Step
      • Numbers
      • JSON strings
      • JSON objects
      • JSON arrays
      • JSON values
    • The JSON Grammar
    • Adding Actions
  • Inheritance and Mutable Grammars
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercise: A Grammar for an Arithmetic Calculator
• 14. Functional Programming in Perl
  • Higher-Order Functions
    • A Refresher on Functions as First-Class Objects
    • Anonymous Subroutines and Lambdas
    • Closures
  • List Processing and Pipeline Programming
    • Feed and Backward Feed Operators
    • The Reduction Metaoperator
    • The Hyperoperator
    • The Cross (X) and Zip (Z) Operators
    • List Operators: A Summary
    • Creating New Operators
  • Creating Your Own Map-Like Functions
    • Custom versions of map, grep, etc.
      • my-map, a pure Perl version of map
      • my-grep
    • Our Own Version of a Sort Function
    • An Iterator Version of map
    • An Iterator Version of grep
  • The gather and take Construct
  • Lazy Lists and the Sequence Operator
    • The Sequence Operator
    • Infinite Lists
    • Using an Explicit Generator
  • Currying and the Whatever Operator
    • Creating a Curried Subroutine
    • Currying an Existing Subroutine with the assuming Method
    • Currying with the Whatever Star Parameter
  • Using a Functional Programming Style
    • The Merge Sort Algorithm
    • A Nonfunctional Implementation of Merge Sort
    • A Functional Implementation of Merge Sort
  • Debugging
  • Glossary
  • Exercise: Quick Sort
• 15. Some Final Advice
  • Make It Clear, Keep It Simple
  • Dos and Donts
  • Use Idioms
  • Whats Next?
• A. Solutions to the Exercises
  • Exercises of Chapter 3: Functions and Subroutines
    • Exercise 3-1: Subroutine right-justify
    • Exercise 3-2: Subroutine do-twice
    • Exercise 3-3: Subroutine print-grid
  • Exercises of Chapter 4: Conditionals and Recursion
    • Exercise Suggested in Stack Diagrams for Recursive Subroutines: Subroutine do-n-times
    • Exercise 4-1: Days, Hours, Minutes, and Seconds
    • Exercise 4-2: Fermats Theorem
    • Exercise 4-3: Is It a Triangle?
    • Exercise 4-4: The Fibonacci Numbers
    • Exercise 4-5: The recurse Subroutine
  • Exercises of Chapter 5: Fruitful Functions
    • Exercise: Compare
    • Exercise: Hypotenuse
    • Exercise: Chained Relational Operators
    • Exercise 5-2: The Ackermann Function
    • Exercise 5-3: Palindromes
    • Exercise 5-4: Powers
    • Exercise 5-5: Finding the GCD of Two Numbers
  • Exercises of Chapter 6: Iteration
    • Exercise 6-1: Square Root
    • Exercise 6-2: Pi Estimate
  • Exercises of Chapter 7: Strings
    • Exercise: String Traversal
    • Exercise: The Ducklings
    • Exercise: Counting the Letters of a String
    • Exercise: Simulating a Regex with a Loop
    • Exercise: Regex Exercises
      • Ten digits in a row
      • An octal number
      • First word at the start of the string
      • First word starting with an a
      • First word starting with a lowercase vowel
      • A mobile number
      • First word starting with a vowel (lower- or uppercase)
      • Repeated letters
    • Exercise: is-reverse Subroutine
    • Exercise 7-1: Counting Letters
    • Exercise 7-2: Lowercase Letters
    • Exercise 7-3: Caesars Cipher
  • Exercises of Chapter 8: Word Play
    • Exercise 8-7: Consecutive Double Letters
    • Exercise 8-8: Palindromes in Odometers
    • Exercise 8-9: Palindromes in Ages
  • Exercises of Chapter 9: Arrays and Lists
    • Exercise: Implementing a Queue
      • Improving the queue subroutine signatures
      • Slurpy (or variadic) parameters
      • A queue using shift and append
      • Exceptions
      • Encapsulating the data
    • Exercise: Other Ways to Modify an Array
      • Simulating the pop function
      • Simulating the push function
      • Simulating the unshift function
      • Simulating the delete subscript adverb
    • Exercise: Mapping and Filtering the Elements of a List
    • Exercise: Advanced Sorting Techniques
    • Exercise 9-1: Nested Sum
    • Exercise 9-2: Cumulative Sum
    • Exercise 9-3: Middle
    • Exercise 9-4: Chop
    • Exercise 9-5: Subroutine is-sorted
    • Exercise 9-6: Subroutine is-anagram
    • Exercise 9-7: Subroutine has-duplicates
    • Exercise 9-8: Simulating the Birthday Paradox
    • Exercise 9-9: Comparing push and unshift
    • Exercise 9-10: Bisection Search in a List
    • Exercise 9-11: Reverse Pairs
      • Comparing bisection search with hash lookup
      • Creating and using a module
    • Exercise 9-12: Interlocking Words
  • Exercises of Chapter 10: Hashes
    • Exercise: A Hash Is a Mapping
    • Exercise 10-1: Storing the Word List into a Hash
    • Exercise 10-2: Memoizing the Ackermann Function
    • Exercise 10-3: Finding Duplicates with a Hash
    • Exercise 10-4: Rotate Pairs
    • Exercise 10-5: Homophones
  • Exercises of Chapter 11
    • Exercise: The given ... when switch statement
    • Exercise: Constructing New Operators
    • Exercise: Sets, Bags, and Mixes
    • Exercise: Random Words
    • Exercise: Markov Analysis
      • The MAIN subroutine
      • Solution to the Markov analysis exercise
    • Exercise: The Huffman Code
      • Exercise 11-8: The frequency table
      • Exercise 11-9: Huffman coding of a DNA strand
      • Exercise 11-9: Huffman coding of a more complex string
      • Exercise 11-9: Encoding the input string
      • Exercise 11-9: Decoding the pseudo-Morse string
  • Exercises of Chapter 13: Regexes and Grammars
    • Exercise 13-1: Getting the February Dates Right
      • Recognizing a leap year
      • Back to the February date validation
    • Exercise: A Grammar for an Arithmetic Calculator
      • The grammar
      • The actions
  • Exercises of Chapter 14: Functional Programming
    • Exercise: Making a Functional Implementation of Quick Sort
• Index

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