English lexical and semantic loans in informal spoken Polish

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CONTENTS

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / 9

 

INTRODUCTION / 11

 

Chapter 1

SPOKEN LANGUAGE AS A LINGUISTIC PHENOMENON / 15

1.1 Introduction / 15

1.2 The primacy of speech over writing and vice versa / 15

1.3 Differences between speech and writing / 18

1.3.1 Introductory remarks / 18

1.3.2 List of the differences / 20

1.4 Research done in the field of spoken Polish / 23

 

Chapter 2

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT AND THE PROCESS OF BORROWING / 26

2.1 Introduction / 26

2.2 The definition of borrowing / 26

2.3 Types of loans / 29

2.3.1 Introductory comments / 29

2.3.2 Lexical and semantic loans / 32

2.3.3 Other types of loans / 37

2.3.4 Concluding comments / 37

2.4 Conditions and motives for borrowing / 38

 

Chapter 3

THE LINGUISTIC OUTCOME OF ENGLISH-POLISH CONTACT / 42

3.1 Introduction / 42

3.2 Lexical loans / 44

3.3 Semantic loans / 47

3.4 Other types of borowings / 48

3.5 Research done in the field of English influence upon Polish / 49

3.5.1 Introduction / 49

3.5.2 Lexical loans / 49

3.5.3 Semantic loans / 52

3.5.4 Final remarks / 52

 

Chapter 4

THE DESCRIPTION OF THE CORPUS / 54

4.1 Introduction / 54

4.2 General information about corpus studies / 54

4.3 Problems connected with spoken language corpora / 56

4.4 The corpus used in the study / 58

4.4.1 Introductory remarks / 58

4.4.2 The informants / 59

4.4.3 The recordings / 61

4.4.4 The type of language used / 63

4.4.5 The transcription and the use of fonts / 65

 

Chapter 5

LEXICAL LOANS FOUND IN THE CORPUS / 69

5.1 Introduction / 69

5.2 Description of the lexical loans found in the corpus / 69

5.3 Statistical analysis / 77

 

Chapter 6

SEMANTIC LOANS FOUND IN THE CORPUS / 93

6.1 Introduction / 93

6.2 General description of the semantic loans found in the corpus / 96

6.3 The process of introducing semantic loans into spoken informal Polish (a hypothesis) / 99

6.4 The analysis of the semantic loans found in the corpus / 106

6.4.1 Introduction / 106

6.4.2 Absolutnie / 106

6.4.3 Adres, adresat / 108

6.4.4 Album / 110

6.4.5 Cyfrowy / 110

6.4.6 Dinozaur / 113

6.4.7 Dokładnie / 114

6.4.8 Globalny / 118

6.4.9 Ikona / 119

6.4.10 Inteligentny / 119

6.4.11 Karta / 120

6.4.12 Kasa / 121

6.4.13 Klawiatura / 123

6.4.14 Konsola, konsolowy / 125

6.4.15 Konto / 126

6.4.16 List / 127

6.4.17 Ładować / 128

6.4.18 Obrazek / 129

6.4.19 Opcja / 130

6.4.20 Operować / 132

6.4.21 Pakiet / 133

6.4.22 Partner / 134

6.4.23 Piractwo, piracki, pirat / 135

6.4.24 Poczta / 138

6.4.25 Profesjonalnie / 140

6.4.26 Promocja / 141

6.4.27 Rozpakować / 142

6.4.28 Sieć / 143

6.4.29 Słownik / 144

6.4.30 Strona / 146

6.4.31 Super / 150

6.4.32 Test / 152

6.4.33 Transfer / 154

6.4.34 Wczytać, wczytywać / 155

6.4.35 Wejść, wchodzić / 155

6.4.36 Wirus / 158

6.4.37 Wyjść, wychodzić / 159

6.4.38 Zainstalować, zainstalowany, instalacja / 160

6.4.39 Zawiesić / 162

6.4.40 Other semantic neologisms / 163

6.5 Statistical analysis / 166

 

Chapter 7

CONCLUSIONS / 177

7.1 Introduction / 177

7.2 Lexical loans found in the corpus / 177

7.3 Semantic loans found in the corpus / 180

7.4 Final comments / 181

 

APPENDICES / 185

BIBLIOGRAPHY / 199

 

Streszczenie / 215

Zusammenfassung / 216

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